Suwáá/Wordlist: Difference between revisions

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**[[Tergetian]]
**[[Tergetian]]


==Phonology==
==Phylogeny==
ʔAškāsīnių in particular is extremely conservative, distinguishing between all 28 consonants of Proto-Azzanic.
==Phonology==
==Phonology==
===Consonants===
===Consonants===
Proto-Azzanic is reconstructed with 29 consonants.
Proto-Azzanic is reconstructed with 28 consonants.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 700px; text-align:center;"
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 700px; text-align:center;"
|+'''Proto-Azzanic reconstructed consonants'''
|+'''Proto-Azzanic reconstructed consonants'''
|-
|-
! colspan="2" |
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" |
! |Labial
! rowspan="2" |Labial
! |Alveolar
! colspan="2" |Denti-alveolar
! |Retroflex
! rowspan="2" |Retroflex
! |Palatal
! rowspan="2" |Palatal
! |Velar
! rowspan="2" |Velar
! |Pharyngeal
! rowspan="2" |Uvular
! |Glottal
! rowspan="2" |Glottal
|-
! |<small>central</small>
! |<small>lateral</small>
|-
|-
! colspan="2" style="" |Nasal
! colspan="2" style="" |Nasal
| *m
| *m
| *n
| *n
|
|  
|  
|  
|  
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|  
|  
|-
|-
! rowspan="3" |Plosive
! rowspan="2" |Plosive
! |<small>plain</small>
! |<small>plain</small>
| *p
| *p
| *t
| *t
|  
|  
| *ṭ
|  
|  
| *k
| *k
|  
| *q
| *ʔ
| *ʔ
|-
|-
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| *d
| *d
|  
|  
| *ḍ
|  
|  
| *g
| *g
|  
| *ɢ
|  
|  
|-
|-
! |<small>ejective</small>
! rowspan="2" style="" |Fricative
| *pʼ
! |<small>voiceless</small>
| *tʼ
|  
|  
|
| *þ *s
| *kʼ
| *ś
|  
|  
|  
|  
|-
! rowspan="2" style="" |Fricative
! |<small>voiceless</small>
|  
|  
| *s
| *š
|  
|  
|
| *ħ
| *h
| *h
|-
|-
! |<small>voiced</small>
! |<small>voiced</small>
|  
|  
| *z
| *ð *z
| *ž
| *ź
|
|
|  
|  
|  
|  
| *ʕ
|  
|  
|-
|-
! rowspan="3" colspan="1" |Affricate
! rowspan="2" colspan="1" |Affricate
! |<small>plain</small>
! |<small>plain</small>
|  
|  
| *c
| *c
| *č
| *ć
|
|  
|  
|  
|  
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|  
|  
| *ʒ
| *ʒ
| *ǯ
| *ʒ́
|   
|   
|
|
|
|-
! |<small>ejective</small>
|
| *cʼ
| *čʼ
|  
|  
|  
|  
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! colspan="2" |Approximant
! colspan="2" |Approximant
| *w
| *w
| *l
|  
|
|  
|  
| *y
| *y
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|  
|  
| *r
| *r
| *l
|  
|  
|  
|  
Line 134: Line 131:
! {{recon|p}}
! {{recon|p}}
! {{recon|b}}
! {{recon|b}}
! {{recon|pʼ}}
! {{recon|t}}
! {{recon|t}}
! {{recon|d}}
! {{recon|d}}
! {{recon|tʼ}}
! {{recon|þ}}
! {{recon|ð}}
! {{recon|s}}
! {{recon|s}}
! {{recon|z}}
! {{recon|z}}
! {{recon|c}}
! {{recon|c}}
! {{recon|ʒ}}
! {{recon|ʒ}}
! {{recon|cʼ}}
! {{recon|ś}}
! {{recon|š}}
! {{recon|ź}}
! {{recon|ž}}
! {{recon|ć}}
! {{recon|č}}
! {{recon|ʒ́}}
! {{recon|ǯ}}
! {{recon|ṭ}}
! {{recon|čʼ}}
! {{recon|ḍ}}
! {{recon|k}}
! {{recon|k}}
! {{recon|g}}
! {{recon|g}}
! {{recon|kʼ}}
! {{recon|q}}
! {{recon|ħ}}
! {{recon|ɢ}}
! {{recon|ʕ}}
! {{recon|m}}
! {{recon|m}}
! {{recon|n}}
! {{recon|n}}
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| ''p''
| ''p''
| ''b''
| ''b''
| ''ṗ''
| ''t''
| ''t''
| ''d''
| ''d''
| ''ṫ''
| ''t''
| ''d''
| ''s''
| ''s''
| ''z''
| ''z''
| ''s''
| ''s''
| ''z''
| ''z''
| ''ṡ''
| ''ś''
| ''š''
| ''ź''
| ''ž''
| ''ŧ''
| ''š''
| ''đ''
| ''ž''
| ''ṭ''
| ''ṧ''
| ''ḍ''
| ''c''
| ''c''
| ''g''
| ''g''
| ''q''
| ''q''
| ''h''
| ''ġ''
| ''ˀ''
| ''m''
| ''m''
| ''n''
| ''n''
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| ''f'', coloring
| ''f'', coloring
| ''ˀ''
| ''ˀ''
| ''h''
| ''ˀ''
|-
|-
! [[Rozzino]]
! [[Rozzino]]
| ''f''
| ''p''
| ''b''
| ''b''
| ''p''
| ''t''
| ''t''
| ''d''
| ''d''
| ''t''
| ''f''
| ''v''
| ''s''
| ''s''
| ''ż''
| ''ż''
| ''z''
| ''z''
| ''ż''
| ''ż''
| ''z''
| ''sci''
| ''x''
| ''sgi''
| ''j''
| ''ci''
| ''ċ''
| ''gi''
| ''ġ''
| ''ci''
| ''ċ''
| ''gi''
| ''k''
| ''c(h)''
| ''g''
| ''g(h)''
| ''q''
| ''qu''
| ''ħ''
| ''gu''
| ''għ''
| ''m''
| ''m''
| ''n''
| ''n''
| ''l''
| ''l''
| ''r''
| ''r''
| ''j'', coloring
| ''gi'', coloring
| ''v'', coloring
| ''v'', coloring
| [ʔ]
| [ʔ]
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| ''f''
| ''f''
| ''b''
| ''b''
| ''p''
| ''t''
| ''t''
| ''d''
| ''d''
| ''t''
| ''þ''
| ''ð''
| ''s''
| ''s''
| ''z''
| ''z''
| ''c''
| ''c''
| ''dz''
| ''dz''
| ''ṣ''
| ''š''
| ''š''
| ''ž''
| ''ž''
| ''č''
| ''č''
| ''dž''
| ''dž''
| ''x''
| ''ṭ''
| ''ḍ''
| ''k''
| ''k''
| ''g''
| ''g''
| ''q''
| ''q''
| ''ħ''
| ''ʕ''
| ''ʕ''
| ''m''
| ''m''

Revision as of 05:37, 1 March 2016

The Azzanic languages (Tergetian: sa-brìs Azzàinìne) are a family of consonantal-root languages spoken on the Wiebian subcontinent, as well as on a set of islands off of the North Wiebian Sea, including Tergetian, ʔAškāsīnių (čegānų ʔAškāsīnių) and Rozzino. They are descended from Proto-Azzanic (PAzz).

Origin

The Azzanic languages bear the name of the legendary hero Azzàn, reconstructed as *ʔAzzānum, to whom Tergetians and ʔAškāsīnians trace their descent.

Phylogeny

Phonology

Phylogeny

ʔAškāsīnių in particular is extremely conservative, distinguishing between all 28 consonants of Proto-Azzanic.

Phonology

Consonants

Proto-Azzanic is reconstructed with 28 consonants.

Proto-Azzanic reconstructed consonants
Labial Denti-alveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar Uvular Glottal
central lateral
Nasal *m *n
Plosive plain *p *t *ṭ *k *q *ʔ
voiced *b *d *ḍ *g *ɢ
Fricative voiceless *þ *s *ś *h
voiced *ð *z *ź
Affricate plain *c *ć
voiced *ʒ *ʒ́
Approximant *w *y
Liquid *r *l

Consonant correspondences

PAzz *p *b *t *d *þ *ð *s *z *c *ʒ *ś *ź *ć *ʒ́ *ṭ *ḍ *k *g *q *ɢ *m *n *l *r *y *w *ʔ *h
Tergetian p b t d t d s z s z ś ź ŧ đ ṭ ḍ c g q ġ m n l r ˀ, coloring f, coloring ˀ ˀ
Rozzino p b t d f v s ż z ż sci sgi ci gi ci gi c(h) g(h) qu gu m n l r gi, coloring v, coloring [ʔ] h [ʔ]
ʔAškāsīnių f b t d þ ð s z c dz š ž č dž ṭ ḍ k g q ʕ m n l r j v ʔ h

Vowels

Similar to Baltic:

Front Back
Close *i *ī *u *ū
Mid *ō
Open *e *ē *a *ā
Diphthongs *ey *ew *ay *aw

Suprasegmentals

Stress fell on the first heavy (CVː or CVC) syllable (the last syllable was disregarded); in the absence of a heavy syllable, the stress fell on the first syllable.

Phonotactics

Morphology

Proto-Azzanic had Philippine alignment as does Rozzino and ʔAškāsīnių. Verb-initial clauses were the norm as in Semitic and Austronesian languages. Primitive Tergetian had changed this alignment into a nominative-accusative system.

Nouns

Nouns and adjectives declined for three cases: direct, indirect and genitive.

First declension: *kullum 'bird'
Case Singular Plural
Direct *kullum *kulles
Indirect *kullās *kullēm
Genitive *kullī *kullām


Second declension: *ripṭus 'throat'
Case Singular Plural
Direct *ripṭus *ripṭās
Indirect *ripṭay *ripṭum
Genitive *ripṭūs *ripṭa


Third declension: *ʕattis 'horn'
Case Singular Plural
Direct *ʕattis *ʕattēs
Indirect *ʕattey *ʕattim
Genitive *ʕattīs *ʕatte

Verbs

Verbs had an extensive trigger system marked by various binyanim. Verbs also inflected for the tense and subject (the argument in the direct case).

Numerals

Derivational morphology

Syntax

There was an emphatic clitic =is added to verbs.

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