Middle Wiebian: Difference between revisions
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!Labial | !Labial | ||
!Alveolar | !Alveolar | ||
!Click | !Click | ||
!Velar | !Velar | ||
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|/m̊/ | |/m̊/ | ||
|/n̊/ | |/n̊/ | ||
|/ŋ̊!/ | |/ŋ̊!/ | ||
|/ŋ̊/ | |/ŋ̊/ | ||
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|/p/ | |/p/ | ||
|/t/ | |/t/ | ||
|/ǃ/ | |/ǃ/ | ||
|/k/ | |/k/ | ||
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|/pʰ/ | |/pʰ/ | ||
|/tʰ/ | |/tʰ/ | ||
|/ǃʰ/ | |/ǃʰ/ | ||
|/kʰ/ | |/kʰ/ | ||
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|/b/ | |/b/ | ||
|/d/ | |/d/ | ||
|/ɡǃ/ | |/ɡǃ/ | ||
|/ɡ/ | |/ɡ/ | ||
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|/f/ | |/f/ | ||
|/θ/ | |/θ/ | ||
|/ɧ/ | |/ɧ/ | ||
|/x/ | |/x/ | ||
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|/ð/ | |/ð/ | ||
|/ɧ̬/ | |/ɧ̬/ | ||
|/ɣ/ | |/ɣ/ | ||
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|/s/ | |/s/ | ||
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|/z/ | |/z/ | ||
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|/ʍ/ | |/ʍ/ | ||
|/l̥/ | |/l̥/ | ||
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|/w/ | |/w/ | ||
|/l/ | |/l/ | ||
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Revision as of 15:33, 22 March 2016
| Middle Wiebian | |
|---|---|
| Wieb-Muts | |
| Created by | IlL |
Pfeuno-K'aitian
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | qwb |
Middle Wiebian is the ancestor language of Zwehrer and Gauf Wiebian lects.
Orthography
- See also: Wiebian/Script.
Historical phonology
AW inventory
Ancient Wiebian:
i iː ʉ ʉː u uː
e eː ə ɵː o oː
ɛ ɔː
ɐ aː
aʊ ɵɪ aɪ iɐ ʉɐ uɐ
Sound changes
AW > Pre-OZw
- Vʀɐ > Vɐ
- ɪɐ iːɐ > iɐ, ʏɐ yːɐ > yɐ, ʊɐ uːɐ > uɐ, aɐ a:ɐ > aɐ
Some Philly-style changes:
- ai > əi / _(voiceless) (after AV)
- au > əʊ / _(voiceless)
- ɔʏ > əʏ / _(voiceless)
- əl > ʊ in unstressed syllables
Initial changes
- ts > s
- Cv > Cw
- Pr Br Fr r > ʈ ɖ ʂ ʐ
Aspiration
- sp/pf sb st sd sʈ sɖ s! sg! sk sg > pʰ bʰ tʰ dʰ ʈʰ ɖʰ !ʰ g!ʰ kʰ gʰ
- sv sz > wʰ s
- sm sn > mʰ nʰ
Séimhiú
- Vp Vb Vt Vd Vʈ Vɖ V! Vg! Vk Vg > f v θ ð ʂ ʐ ɧ ɧ̬ x ɣ
- Vf Vv Vs Vz > ʔ ɦ h ɦ
- Vm Vl > v j
- aspirated consonants mutate the same as non-aspirated ones, except: mʰ > wʰ, nʰ > nʰ, lʰ > wʰ, wʰ > wʰ
Urú
- np nb nt nd nʈ nɖ n! ng! nk ng > b m d n ɖ ɳ g! ŋ! g ŋ
- nf ns nɧ > v z ɧ̬
- nsm nsn > m n
- nsp nst nsʈ ns! (nsk) > mʰ nʰ ɳʰ ŋʰ! ŋʰ
- nsl > l
Pharyngealization split
- Cl, Cʀ > Cˁ
- s-ʀ > hˁ, ʀ > ʔˁ
Other changes
- v > w
Pre-OZw > OZw
- a aː > æ æː
- ɛ i ɔ u œ y > æ e ɑ o æ ø / _Cɐ
- ɛː eː iː ɔː oː øː uː yː > ɛː eː ɔː œː oː øː / _Cɐ
- a e i ø y > ɔ ø y o u / _Cʊ
- aː ɛː eː iː ɔː øː yː> ɔː œː øː yː oː oː uː / _Cʊ
- final ɐ, ʊ lost
- ai aw ay > eː oː øː
- iɐ̯ > iːa
- uɐ̯ > uːa
- yɐ̯ > yːa
- œɐ̯ > œː
- aɐ̯ > æː
- ˁæ ˁe ˁi ˁo ˁø ˁu ˁy > ˁɑ ˁæ ˁe ˁɑ ˁæ ˁo ˁø
- ˁæː ˁeː ˁiː ˁoː ˁøː ˁuː ˁyː > ˁɑː ˁay ˁey ˁaw ˁoy ˁow ˁoy
- ˁVɐ̯ > ˁəa (if V != a)
- ˁaɐ̯ > ˁaː > ˁɑː
- eː iː oː uː øː yː > iː ai uː aw yː oy (GVS)
- əa > əː
- əi əu əy (both pharyngealized and unpharyngealized) > iː uː yː
AW > OZw finals
- cluster ending in fricative > breathy tone, cluster lost w/ compensatory lengthening
- cluster ending in plosive > glottalized tone, cluster lost w/ compensatory lengthening
- -w results from the first consonant in the final being a labial (unless final is single /-p/)
- -j results from /ç, ɧ/ as the first consonant
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Click | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | voiceless | /m̊/ | /n̊/ | /ŋ̊!/ | /ŋ̊/ | /ɴ̊/ | |
| voiced | /m/ | /n/ | /ɳ/ | /ŋǃ/ | /ŋ/ | /ɴ/ | |
| Stop | tenuis | /p/ | /t/ | /ǃ/ | /k/ | /q/ | /ʔ/ |
| aspirated | /pʰ/ | /tʰ/ | /ǃʰ/ | /kʰ/ | /qʰ/ | ||
| voiced | /b/ | /d/ | /ɡǃ/ | /ɡ/ | /ɢ/ | ||
| Spirants | voiceless | /f/ | /θ/ | /ɧ/ | /x/ | /χ/ | /h/ |
| voiced | /ð/ | /ɧ̬/ | /ɣ/ | /ʁ/ | |||
| Sibilants | voiceless | /s/ | |||||
| voiced | /z/ | ||||||
| Approximant | voiceless | /ʍ/ | /l̥/ | ||||
| voiced | /w/ | /l/ | |||||
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| unrounded | rounded | |||||||
| short | long | short | long | short | long | short | long | |
| Close | /i/ | /iː/ | /y/ | /yː/ | /u/ | /uː/ | ||
| Mid | /e/ | /eː/ | /ø/ | /øː/ | /əː/ | /ɔ/ | /oː/ | |
| Open | /æ/ | /æː/ | /ɑ/ | /ɑː/ | ||||
Diphthongs: /ai au oy ja je iːa jaː wa wo uːa waː ɥa ɥø yːa ɥaː aiɐ auɐ oyɐ/
Tones (allophonic)
- (-p m)
- (-p b)
- (-p g)
- (+p m)
- (+p b)
- (+p g)
Grammar
For ordinal numerals: Schmielke 'order' e.g. wahm Schmielke Hauer 'the first king' (or Zwind? any relation to zweid 'walk'?)
Phrasebook
wahm, discher, narg, đauf, sälisch, stuhm, raut, lerz, pfarb, kier:
we:m (-p m), dej (-p b), ne:k (-p g), g!u: (-p b), zi: (-p b), tʰaum (-p m), ʔaut (+p g), lja: (-p b), pʰe:p (-p g), kaiɐ̯ (-p m)
Related pages with more information
Talk: