Yokohama Creole: Difference between revisions

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===Particles===

Much of Yokohama Creole grammar is built around the use of particles; these are generally thought to be derived from Japanese verb conjugations. For example, to show potentiality, whereas English would use the auxiliary verb "can" as in "I can do this", Yokohama Creole speakers would place the "can" after the main verb, yielding /mi du dis ~~kjan~~/ lit. "I do this can".

Much of Yokohama Creole grammar is built around the use of particles; these are generally thought to be derived from Japanese verb conjugations. For example, to show potentiality, whereas English would use the auxiliary verb "can" as in "I can do this", Yokohama Creole speakers would place the "can" after the main verb, yielding /mi du dis can/ lit. "I do this can".

* /~~kjan~~/ spelt ''kyan'', ''cyan'', ''can'' or ''kan'', placed after main verb to indicate potentiality, as in /mi du dis ~~kjan~~/ "I can do this."

* /can/ spelt ''kyan'', ''cyan'', ''can'' or ''kan'', placed after main verb to indicate potentiality, as in /mi du dis can/ "I can do this."

* /jo/ spelt ''yo'', ''yoa'', ''’o'' or ''’oa'', is placed at the end of a sentence to indicate the sentence is jussive; the pronoun is usually omitted alongside. Derived from Japanese よ. For example, /op ni brin dis jo!/ "Bring this up!" as opposed to */ju op ni brin dis jo!/

* /ni/ spelt ''nee'', ''ni'', ''’nee'' or ''knee'', placed after a noun to indicate something is towards or into something, used like に in Japanese. For example, /im muʃ dis kafiteri ni/ "He ate this in the cafeteria."

* /e/ spelt ''eh'', ''e'', ''é'', ''’e'', ''he'', similar to /ni/ but usually to indicate something is towards a place; derived from Japanese へ, as in /im fam go menlan e fo wee slip de/ "His family went to Japan for the holidays"

* /no/, usually spelt ''no'' but may be contracted to just ''n''.

* /fo/, usually spelt ''fo'' but may be contracted to just ''f''. Usually used in place of {{mn|ja|の}}, apart from after personal pronouns. However, in conjunction with /wee/ (from {{mn|en|way}}), /fo wee/ takes the role of {{mn|en|for}} or {{mn|ja|のように}} "in the same way as".

===Possession===

In colloquial speech possession is generally done in simple possessor-possessum constructions, as in /dʒon oos/ "John's house". However, if need be, the article /fo/ may be used in more formal settings to simulate the function of の in Japanese, though even then it is not used when the possessor is a personal pronoun, so */mi fo pok/ "My pig" would never occur.

[[Category:Yokohama Creole]] [[Category:Conlangs]] [[Category:Languages]] [[Category:Creole languages]]

@@ Line 97: / Line 97: @@
 ===Particles===
-Much of Yokohama Creole grammar is built around the use of particles; these are generally thought to be derived from Japanese verb conjugations. For example, to show potentiality, whereas English would use the auxiliary verb "can" as in "I can do this", Yokohama Creole speakers would place the "can" after the main verb, yielding /mi du dis kjan/ lit. "I do this can".
+Much of Yokohama Creole grammar is built around the use of particles; these are generally thought to be derived from Japanese verb conjugations. For example, to show potentiality, whereas English would use the auxiliary verb "can" as in "I can do this", Yokohama Creole speakers would place the "can" after the main verb, yielding /mi du dis can/ lit. "I do this can".
-* /kjan/ spelt ''kyan'', ''cyan'', ''can'' or ''kan'', placed after main verb to indicate potentiality, as in /mi du dis kjan/ "I can do this."
+* /can/ spelt ''kyan'', ''cyan'', ''can'' or ''kan'', placed after main verb to indicate potentiality, as in /mi du dis can/ "I can do this."
 * /jo/ spelt ''yo'', ''yoa'', ''’o'' or ''’oa'', is placed at the end of a sentence to indicate the sentence is jussive; the pronoun is usually omitted alongside. Derived from Japanese よ. For example, /op ni brin dis jo!/ "Bring this up!" as opposed to */ju op ni brin dis jo!/
 * /ni/ spelt ''nee'', ''ni'', ''’nee'' or ''knee'', placed after a noun to indicate something is towards or into something, used like に in Japanese. For example, /im muʃ dis kafiteri ni/ "He ate this in the cafeteria."
 * /e/ spelt ''eh'', ''e'', ''é'', ''’e'', ''he'', similar to /ni/ but usually to indicate something is towards a place; derived from Japanese へ, as in /im fam go menlan e fo wee slip de/ "His family went to Japan for the holidays"
-* /no/, usually spelt ''no'' but may be contracted to just ''n''.
+* /fo/, usually spelt ''fo'' but may be contracted to just ''f''. Usually used in place of {{mn|ja|の}}, apart from after personal pronouns. However, in conjunction with /wee/ (from {{mn|en|way}}), /fo wee/ takes the role of {{mn|en|for}} or {{mn|ja|のように}} "in the same way as".
 ===Possession===
 In colloquial speech possession is generally done in simple possessor-possessum constructions, as in /dʒon oos/ "John's house". However, if need be, the article /fo/ may be used in more formal settings to simulate the function of の in Japanese, though even then it is not used when the possessor is a personal pronoun, so */mi fo pok/ "My pig" would never occur.
 [[Category:Yokohama Creole]] [[Category:Conlangs]] [[Category:Languages]] [[Category:Creole languages]]