Nga: Difference between revisions
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=== Vowel Harmony === | === Vowel Harmony === | ||
Nga has regressive fronting harmony. Harmony spreads across entire words. Front vowels include /y e ø yi̯ ei̯ øi̯ øy̯ ue̯/ and back vowels include /ʉ ɜ o ui̯ | Nga has regressive fronting harmony. Harmony spreads across entire words. Front vowels include /y e ø yi̯ ei̯ øi̯ øy̯ ue̯/ and back vowels include /ʉ ɜ o ui̯ ɜi̯ oi̯ ou̯ uɜ̯/. There are two neutral vowels: /ɑ ai̯/, and three vowels that are transparent in medial and final syllables, but trigger harmony when in an initial syllable: /i/ (triggers front harmony) and /ɔ ɔi̯/ (trigger back harmony). /ɜ uɜ̯/ must be preceded by a harmonically back vowel. | ||
=== Allophony === | === Allophony === | ||
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=== Morphology === | === Morphology === | ||
==== Tense ==== | ==== Tense ==== | ||
Past Tense: -''ltu | Tense markers are marked on the verb, but if there is no verb they are marked on the subject instead. In that event, the subject suffixes are placed after the subject marker. | ||
Past Tense: -''ltu'' (or -''ltü'') [-ltʉ~ltu (-lty)] | |||
Present Tense: -''khai'' [-khai̯] | Present Tense: -''khai'' [-khai̯] | ||
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There are different types of subject markers for different relationships the subject has to the verb or object. | There are different types of subject markers for different relationships the subject has to the verb or object. | ||
Motile subject: ''-msu | Motile subject: ''-msu'' (or -''msü'') [-msʉ~msu (-msy)] | ||
Present subject: -''ćto/ćtö'' [-t͡ɕto, -t͡ɕtø] | Present subject: -''ćto/ćtö'' [-t͡ɕto, -t͡ɕtø] | ||
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== Translations == | == Translations == | ||
''Vultu tsumsu''. [βʉltʉ t͡sʉmsʉ] | |||
“Lightning struck.” | |||
''Oućtokhai''. [ou̯t͡ɕtokhai̯] | |||
“There is a person.” | |||
''Oumsumyi''. [ou̯msumji] | |||
“A person will go.” | |||
== Lexicon == | == Lexicon == | ||
=== Root Words === | === Root Words === | ||
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| rowspan="2" |[kei̯] | | rowspan="2" |[kei̯] | ||
|cube | |cube | ||
| rowspan="2" | - | | rowspan="2" | A square- or cube-based shape, design, or geometry. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|square | |square | ||
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|snow | |snow | ||
|down | |down | ||
| - | |||
|- | |||
!goôi | |||
|go | |||
|ôi | |||
|[ɡoɔi̯] | |||
!ecosystem | |||
|sea | |||
|land | |||
| - | | - | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|hold | |hold | ||
| colspan="2" |electric | | colspan="2" |electric | ||
| - | |||
|- | |||
!mungoôi | |||
|mu | |||
| colspan="2" |go-ôi | |||
|[muŋɡoɔi̯] | |||
!world | |||
|together | |||
| colspan="2" |ecosystem | |||
| - | | - | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|- | |- | ||
!natiggo'i | !natiggo'i | ||
| colspan=" | | colspan="3" |na-ti-go | ||
|i | |i | ||
|[nɑtiŋɡoʔi] | |[nɑtiŋɡoʔi] | ||
!grove | !grove | ||
| colspan=" | | colspan="3" |forest | ||
|small | |small | ||
| - | | - | ||
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| colspan="3" |state | | colspan="3" |state | ||
| A union of states. | | A union of states. | ||
|- | |||
!mungoôikkëi | |||
| colspan="3" |mu-go-ôi | |||
|kei | |||
|[muŋɡoɔi̯kkɜi̯] | |||
!Minecraft | |||
| colspan="3" |world | |||
|cube | |||
| - | |||
|} | |} | ||