Kliqel orthography: Difference between revisions

From Linguifex
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Newer edit →
VisualWikitext
Suqi (talk | contribs)
Bots
243 edits
Created page with "<code>THIS PAGE IS INCOMPLETE AND INACCURATE PLEASE DISREGARD</code> '''Kliqel''' is a dialect of Iskel which is primarily distinct from the others in its phonology. Therefore, its orthography differs from other dialects for both romanization and native script. == Romanization == === Basic Phonemes === Some consonants can be written with either digraphs or a non-ASCII monograph. Syllabic consonants are always written as digraphs, however. {| class="wikitable" ! co..."
 
Suqi (talk | contribs)
Bots
243 edits
Replaced content with "<code>THIS PAGE IS INCOMPLETE AND INACCURATE PLEASE DISREGARD</code>"
Tags: Replaced Visual edit
Line 1: Line 1:
<code>THIS PAGE IS INCOMPLETE AND INACCURATE PLEASE DISREGARD</code>
<code>THIS PAGE IS INCOMPLETE AND INACCURATE PLEASE DISREGARD</code>
'''Kliqel''' is a dialect of [[Iskel]] which is primarily distinct from the others in its phonology. Therefore, its orthography differs from other dialects for both romanization and native script.
== Romanization ==
=== Basic Phonemes ===
Some consonants can be written with either digraphs or a non-ASCII monograph. Syllabic consonants are always written as digraphs, however.
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |
![[w:Labial_consonant|Labial]]
![[w:dental_consonant|Dental]]
![[w:alveolar_consonant|Alveolar]]
![[w:postalveolar_consonant|Postalveolar]]
![[w:palatal_consonant|Palatal]]
![[w:dorsal_consonant|Dorsal]]
![[w:glottal_consonant|Glottal]]
|-
! colspan="2" |[[w:nasal_consonant|Nasal]]
|[[w:Voiced_labiodental_nasal|ɱ]] '''m'''
|
|[[w:Voiced_alveolar_nasal|n]] '''n'''
|
|[[w:Voiced_palatal_nasal|ɲ]] '''ny, ñ'''
|[[w:Voiced_velar_nasal|ŋ]] '''ng, ŋ'''
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:stop_consonant|Stop]]
![[w:voicelessness|Voiceless]]
|[[w:voiceless_bilabial_plosive|p]] '''p'''
|
|[[w:Voiceless_alveolar_plosive|t]] '''t'''
|[[w:Voiceless_palato-alveolar_affricate|t͡ʃ]] '''ch, č'''
|
|[[w:IPA_k|k]] '''k'''
|[[w:glottal_stop|ʔ]] '''q'''
|-
![[w:Voicedness|Voiced]]
|[[w:IPA_b|b]] '''b'''
|
|[[w:Voiced_alveolar_affricate|d͡z]] '''dz, ẑ'''
|[[w:Voiced_palato-alveolar_affricate|d͡ʒ]] '''j'''
|
|[[w:IPA_g|ɡ]] '''g'''
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Fricative|Fricative]]
![[w:voicelessness|Voiceless]]
|[[w:IPA_f|f]] '''f'''
|[[w:voiceless_dental_fricative|θ]] '''th, þ'''
|[[w:IPA_s|s]] '''s'''
|[[w:voiceless_palato-alveolar_fricative|ʃ]] '''sh, š'''
|[[w:voiceless_palatal_lateral_fricative|ʎ̝̊]] '''lh, ç'''
|[[w:IPA_x|x]] '''x'''
|[[w:IPA_h|h]] '''h'''
|-
![[w:Voicedness|Voiced]]
|[[w:IPA_v|v]] '''v'''
|[[w:voiced_dental_fricative|ð]] '''d'''
|[[w:IPA_z|z]] '''z'''
|[[w:voiced_palato-alveolar_fricative|ʒ]] '''zh, ž'''
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Approximant|Approximant]]
![[w:oral_consonant|Oral]]
|[[w:IPA_w|w]] '''w'''
|
|[[w:IPA_l|l]] '''l'''
|
|[[w:IPA_j|j]] '''y'''
|
|
|-
![[w:nasal_consonant|Nasal]]
|[[w:nasalized_consonant|w̃]] '''wǹ, ṽ'''
|
|[[w:nasalized_consonant|l̃]] '''lǹ, ł'''
|
|[[w:nasalized_consonant|j̃]] '''yǹ,''' '''ỹ'''
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |[[w:vibrant_consonant|Vibrant]]
|
|
|[[w:voiced_alveolar_tap|ɾ]] '''r'''
|
|
|[[w:voiced_uvular_trill|ʀ]] '''rr, ř'''
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:click_consonant|Click]]
![[w:nasal_click|Nasal]]
|
|[[w:dental_nasal_click|ŋ͡ʇ]] '''cn'''
|[[w:nasal_alveolar_click|ŋ͡ǃ¡]] '''cǹ'''
|
|[[w:nasal_palatal_click|ŋ͡ǂ]] '''cñ'''
|
|
|-
![[w:tenuis_consonant|Tenuis]]
|
|[[w:tenuis_dental_click|k͡ʇ]] '''ct'''
|[[w:tenuis_alveolar_click|k͡ǃ¡]] '''cl'''
|
|[[w:tenuis_palatal_click|k͡ǂ]] '''cy'''
|
|
|}
Vowel digraphs can be written as such or with an ogonek on their initial vowel instead.
{| class="wikitable"
!
![[w:Front_vowel|Front]]
![[w:Near-Front_vowel|Near-Front]]
![[w:Near-Back_vowel|Near-Back]]
![[w:Back_vowel|Back]]
|-
![[w:Close_vowel|Close]]
|[[w:IPA_i|i]] '''i'''
|[[w:near-close_near-front_unrounded_vowel|ɪ]] '''ie, į'''
|[[w:near-close_near-back_rounded_vowel|ʊ]] '''uo, ų'''
|[[w:IPA_u|u]] '''u'''
|-
![[w:Mid_vowel|Mid]]
|[[w:IPA_e|e]] '''e'''
|[[w:mid_central_vowel|ə]] '''eo, ę'''
|[[w:open-mid_back_unrounded_vowel|ʌ]] '''oe, ǫ'''
|[[w:IPA_o|o]] '''o'''
|-
![[w:Open_vowel|Open]]
|[[w:IPA_a|a]] '''a'''
|
|
|[[w:open_back_unrounded_vowel|ɑ]] '''ao, ą'''
|}
=== Syllabic Consonants ===
Toneless syllabic consonants are written with an overdot. On digraphs, the underdot is written only on the first letter (e.g. /ŋ̩ ʀ̩/ get written ⟨ṇg ṛr⟩). The toneless syllabic consonant /j̍/ is instead written ⟨ẏ⟩.
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |
!Labial
!Dental
!Alveolar
!Palatal
!Dorsal
|-
! colspan="2" |Nasal
|ɱ̩ '''ṃ'''
|
|n̩ '''ṇ'''
|ɲ̩ '''ṇy'''
|ŋ̩ '''ṇg'''
|-
! colspan="2" |Fricative
|v̩ '''ṿ'''
|ð̩ '''ḍ'''
|z̩ '''ẓ'''
|ʒ̍ '''ẓh'''
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |Approximant
!Oral
|w̩ '''ẉ'''
|
|l̩ '''ḷ'''
|j̍ '''ẏ'''
|
|-
!Nasal
|w̩̃ '''ẉǹ'''
|
|l̩̃ '''ḷǹ'''
|j̩̃ '''ẏǹ'''
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Vibrant
|
|
|ɾ̩ '''ṛ'''
|
|ʀ̩ '''ṛr'''
|}
=== Tones ===
High tone on vowels is marked with an acute accent on vowels without a diacritic. On vowels with a macron (denoting length), the macron is replaced with a circumflex (e.g. /í íː/ are ⟨í î⟩).
Mid tone on vowels is marked with a grave accent on vowels without a diacritic. On vowels with a macron (denoting length), the macron is replaced with a caron (e.g. /ī īː/ are ⟨ì ǐ⟩).
Low tone is marked with an apostrophe before the nucleus.
Because word-initial high tone words are most common, Iskel romanizes them differently to avoid extensive diacritic use: a high tone on a multisyllabic word is not written if there is only one high tone and it's word initial. Multisyllabic words with no tones are written as if they have a word-initial high tone.
For polypthongs, tone (not including low tone because it has unusual romanization) and length are always written on the first vowel grapheme, so every vowel with a tone or length diacritic begins its syllable's nucleus. It is therefore unnecessary to use a diaerisis on such vowels.
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |
! colspan="3" |[[w:Front_vowel|Front]]
! colspan="3" |[[w:Near-Front_vowel|Near-Front]]
! colspan="3" |[[w:Near-Back_vowel|Near-Back]]
! colspan="3" |[[w:Back_vowel|Back]]
|-
![[w:tone_(linguistics)|High]]
![[w:tone_(linguistics)|Mid]]
![[w:tone_(linguistics)|Low]]
![[w:tone_(linguistics)|High]]
![[w:tone_(linguistics)|Mid]]
![[w:tone_(linguistics)|Low]]
![[w:tone_(linguistics)|High]]
![[w:tone_(linguistics)|Mid]]
![[w:tone_(linguistics)|Low]]
![[w:tone_(linguistics)|High]]
![[w:tone_(linguistics)|Mid]]
![[w:tone_(linguistics)|Low]]
|-
![[w:Close_vowel|Close]]
|í '''í'''
|ī '''ì'''
|ì '''<nowiki/>'i'''
|ɪ́ '''íe, į́'''
|ɪ̄ '''ìe, į̀'''
|ɪ̀ '''<nowiki/>'ie, 'į'''
|ʊ́ '''úo, ų́'''
|ʊ̄ '''ùo, ų̀'''
|ʊ̀ '''<nowiki/>'uo, 'ų'''
|ú '''ú'''
|ū '''ù'''
|ù '''<nowiki/>'u'''
|-
![[w:Mid_vowel|Mid]]
|é '''é'''
|ē '''è'''
|è '''<nowiki/>'e'''
|ə́ '''éo, ę́'''
|ə̄ '''èo, ę̀'''
|ə̀ '''<nowiki/>'eo, 'ę'''
|ʌ́ '''óe, ǫ́'''
|ʌ̄ '''òe, ǫ̀'''
|ʌ̀ '''<nowiki/>'oe, 'ǫ'''
|ó '''ó'''
|ō '''ò'''
|ò '''<nowiki/>'o'''
|-
![[w:Open_vowel|Open]]
|á '''á'''
|ā '''à'''
|à '''<nowiki/>'a'''
|
|
|
|
|
|
|ɑ́ '''áo, ą́'''
|ɑ̄ '''ào, ą̀'''
|ɑ̀ '''<nowiki/>'ao, 'ą'''
|}
High tone syllabic consonants /ɱ̩́ ń̩ ɲ̩́ ŋ̩́ ź̩ ʒ̩́ ẃ̩ ĺ̩ j̩́ ɾ̩́ ʀ̩́/ have their underdots replaced with the acute accent ⟨ḿ ń ńy ńg ź źh ẃ ĺ ý ŕ ŕr⟩. High tone /ð̩/ is written with ⟨ð⟩ instead of ⟨d́⟩, and high tone /v̩/ is written with a ⟨ŵ⟩.
Mid tone syllabic consonants are written similar to their toneless forms, but with overdots instead of underdots. The mid tone /v̩̄ j̩̄/, however, are written ⟨ẅ ÿ⟩.
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="3" |Labial
! colspan="3" |Dental
! colspan="3" |Alveolar
! colspan="3" |Palatal
! colspan="3" |Dorsal
|-
!High
!Mid
!Low
!High
!Mid
!Low
!High
!Mid
!Low
!High
!Mid
!Low
!High
!Mid
!Low
|-
! colspan="2" |Nasal
|ɱ̩˥ '''ḿ'''
|ɱ̩˧ '''ṁ'''
|ɱ̩˩ '''<nowiki/>'ṃ'''
|
|
|
|n̩˥ '''ń'''
|n̩˧ '''ṅ'''
|n̩˩ '''<nowiki/>'ṇ'''
|ɲ̩˥ '''ńy'''
|ɲ̩˧ '''ṅy'''
|ɲ̩˩ '''<nowiki/>'ṇy'''
|ŋ̩˥ '''ńg'''
|ŋ̩˧ '''ṅg'''
|ŋ̩˩ '''<nowiki/>'ṇg'''
|-
! colspan="2" |Fricative
|v̩˥ '''ŵ'''
|v̩˧ '''ẅ'''
|v̩˩ '''<nowiki/>'ṿ'''
|ð̩́˥ '''ð'''
|ð̩˧ '''ḋ'''
|ð̩˩ '''<nowiki/>'ḍ'''
|z̩˥ '''ź'''
|z̩˧ '''ż'''
|z̩˩ '''<nowiki/>'ẓ'''
|ʒ̍˥ '''źh'''
|ʒ̍˧ '''żh'''
|ʒ̍˩ '''<nowiki/>'ẓh'''
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |Approximant
!Oral
|w̩˥ '''ẃ'''
|w̩˧ '''ẇ'''
|w̩˩ '''<nowiki/>'ẉ'''
|
|
|
|l̩˥ '''ĺ'''
|l̩˧ '''ŀ'''
|l̩˩ '''<nowiki/>'ḷ'''
|j̍˥ '''ý'''
|j̍˧ '''ÿ'''
|j̍˩ '''<nowiki/>'ẏ'''
|
|
|
|-
!Nasal
|w̩̃˥ '''ẃǹ'''
|w̩̃˧ '''ẇǹ'''
|w̩̃˩ '''<nowiki/>'ẉǹ'''
|
|
|
|l̩̃˥ '''ĺǹ'''
|l̩̃˧ '''ŀǹ'''
|l̩̃˩ '''<nowiki/>'ḷǹ'''
|j̩̃˥ '''ýǹ'''
|j̩̃˧ '''ÿǹ'''
|j̩̃˩ '''<nowiki/>'ẏǹ'''
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Vibrant
|
|
|
|
|
|
|ɾ̩ː˥ '''ŕ'''
|ɾ̩ː˧ '''ṙ'''
|ɾ̩ː˩ '''<nowiki/>'ṛ'''
|
|
|
|ʀ̩˥ '''ŕr'''
|ʀ̩˧ '''ṙr'''
|ʀ̩˩ '''<nowiki/>'ṛr'''
|}
=== Gemination ===
Long vowels are written with a macron over the first letter. Geminated single-letter consonants are written by doubling their letter. Geminated digraphs are written by doubling their first letter.
Geminated syllabic consonants are marked by doubling the letter with the syllabic or tone diacritic. The syllabic geminate consonant /ʀ̩ː/ is only written with two marked ⟨r⟩s instead of two marked ⟨r⟩s and an unmarked one.
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="22" |Geminate Romanization
|-
! rowspan="6" |Consonant
! rowspan="3" |Occlusive
!Phoneme
!ɱː
!nː
!ɲː
!ŋː
!pː
!tː
!t͡ʃː
!kː
!ʔː
!bː
!d͡zː
!d͡ʒː
!ɡː
!ŋ͡ʇː
!ŋ͡ǃ¡ː
!ŋ͡ǂː
!k͡ʇː
!k͡ǃ¡ː
!k͡ǂː
|-
! rowspan="2" |Grapheme
|''mm''
|''nn''
|''nny''
|''nng''
|''pp''
|''tt''
|''cch''
|''kk''
|''qq''
|''bb''
|''ddz''
|''jj''
|''gg''
|''ccn''
|''ccǹ''
|''ccñ''
|''cct''
|''ccl''
|''ccy''
|-
|''mm''
|''nn''
|''ññ''
|''ŋŋ''
|''pp''
|''tt''
|''čč''
|''kk''
|''qq''
|''bb''
|''ẑẑ''
|''jj''
|''gg''
|''ccn''
|''ccǹ''
|''ccñ''
|''cct''
|''ccl''
|''ccy''
|-
! rowspan="3" |Continuant
!Phoneme
!fː
!θː
!sː
!ʃː
!ʎ̝̊ː
!xː
!hː
!vː
!ðː
!zː
!ʒː
!wː
!lː
!jː
!w̃ː
!l̃ː
!j̃ː
!ʀː
! rowspan="3" |
|-
! rowspan="2" |Grapheme
|''ff''
|''thh''
|''ss''
|''ssh''
|''llh''
|''xx''
|''hh''
|''vv''
|''dd''
|''zz''
|''zzh''
|''ww''
|''ll''
|''yy''
|''wwǹ''
|''llǹ''
|''yyǹ''
|''rrr''
|-
|''ff''
|''þþ''
|''ss''
|''šš''
|''çç''
|''xx''
|''hh''
|''vv''
|''dd''
|''zz''
|''žž''
|''ww''
|''ll''
|''yy''
|''ṽṽ''
|''łł''
|''ỹỹ''
|''řř''
|-
! rowspan="8" |Syllabic Consonant
! rowspan="2" |Toneless
!Phoneme
!ɱ̩ː
!n̩ː
!ɲ̩ː
!ŋ̩ː
!v̩ː
!ð̩ː
!z̩ː
!ʒ̍ː
!w̩ː
!l̩ː
!j̍ː
!w̩̃ː
!l̩̃ː
!j̩̃ː
!ʀ̩ː
! colspan="4" rowspan="8" |
|-
!Grapheme
|''ṃṃ''
|''ṇṇ''
|''ṇṇy''
|''ṇṇg''
|''ṿṿ''
|''ḍḍ''
|''ẓẓ''
|''ẓẓh''
|''ẉẉ''
|''ḷḷ''
|''ẏẏ''
|''ẉẉǹ''
|''ḷḷǹ''
|''ẏẏǹ''
|''ṛṛ''
|-
! rowspan="2" |High Tone
!Phoneme
!ɱ̩ː˥
!n̩ː˥
!ɲ̩ː˥
!ŋ̩ː˥
!v̩ː˥
!ð̩ː˥
!z̩ː˥
!ʒ̍ː˥
!w̩ː˥
!l̩ː˥
!j̍ː˥
!w̩̃ː˥
!l̩̃ː˥
!j̩̃ː˥
!ʀ̩ː˥
|-
!Grapheme
|''ḿḿ''
|''ńń''
|''ńńy''
|''ńńg''
|''ŵŵ''
|''ðð''
|''źź''
|''źźh''
|''ẃẃ''
|''ĺĺ''
|''ýý''
|''ẃẃǹ''
|''ĺĺǹ''
|''ýýǹ''
|''ŕŕ''
|-
! rowspan="2" |Mid Tone
!Phoneme
!ɱ̩ː˧
!n̩ː˧
!ɲ̩ː˧
!ŋ̩ː˧
!v̩ː˧
!ð̩ː˧
!z̩ː˧
!ʒ̍ː˧
!w̩ː˧
!l̩ː˧
!j̍ː˧
!w̩̃ː˧
!l̩̃ː˧
!j̩̃ː˧
!ʀ̩ː˧
|-
!Grapheme
|''ṁṁ''
|''ṅṅ''
|''ṅṅy''
|''ṅṅg''
|''ẅẅ''
|''ḋḋ''
|''żż''
|''żżh''
|''ẇẇ''
|''ŀŀ''
|''ÿÿ''
|''ẇẇǹ''
|''ŀŀǹ''
|''ÿÿǹ''
|''ṙṙ''
|-
! rowspan="2" |Low Tone
!Phoneme
!ɱ̩ː˩
!n̩ː˩
!ɲ̩ː˩
!ŋ̩ː˩
!v̩ː˩
!ð̩ː˩
!z̩ː˩
!ʒ̍ː˩
!w̩ː˩
!l̩ː˩
!j̍ː˩
!w̩̃ː˩
!l̩̃ː˩
!j̩̃ː˩
!ʀ̩ː˩
|-
!Grapheme
|''<nowiki/>'ṃṃ''
|''<nowiki/>'ṇṇ''
|''<nowiki/>'ṇṇy''
|''<nowiki/>'ṇṇg''
|''<nowiki/>'ṿṿ''
|''<nowiki/>'ḍḍ''
|''<nowiki/>'ẓẓ''
|''<nowiki/>'ẓẓh''
|''<nowiki/>'ẉẉ''
|''<nowiki/>'ḷḷ''
|''<nowiki/>'ẏẏ''
|''<nowiki/>'ẉẉǹ''
|''<nowiki/>'ḷḷǹ''
|''<nowiki/>'ẏẏǹ''
|''<nowiki/>'ṛṛ''
|-
! rowspan="12" |Vowel
! rowspan="3" |Toneless
!Phoneme
!iː
!ɪː
!ʊː
!uː
!eː
!əː
!ʌː
!oː
!aː
!ɑː
! colspan="9" rowspan="12" |
|-
! rowspan="2" |Grapheme
|''ī''
|''īe''
|''ūo''
|''ū''
|''ē''
|''ēo''
|''ōe''
|''ō''
|''ā''
|''āo''
|-
|''ī''
|''į̄''
|''ų̄''
|''ū''
|''ē''
|''ę̄''
|''ǭ''
|''ō''
|''ā''
|''ą̄''
|-
! rowspan="3" |High Tone
!Phoneme
!iː˥
!ɪː˥
!ʊː˥
!uː˥
!eː˥
!əː˥
!ʌː˥
!oː˥
!aː˥
!ɑː˥
|-
! rowspan="2" |Grapheme
|''î''
|''îe''
|''ûo''
|''û''
|''ê''
|''êo''
|''ôe''
|''ô''
|''â''
|''âo''
|-
|''î''
|''į̂''
|''ų̂''
|''û''
|''ê''
|''ę̂''
|''ǫ̂''
|''ô''
|''â''
|''ą̂''
|-
! rowspan="3" |Mid Tone
!Phoneme
!iː˧
!ɪː˧
!ʊː˧
!uː˧
!eː˧
!əː˧
!ʌː˧
!oː˧
!aː˧
!ɑː˧
|-
! rowspan="2" |Grapheme
|''ǐ''
|''ǐe''
|''ǔo''
|''ǔ''
|''ě''
|''ěo''
|''ǒe''
|''ǒ''
|''ǎ''
|''ǎo''
|-
|''ǐ''
|''į̌''
|''ų̌''
|''ǔ''
|''ě''
|''ę̌''
|''ǫ̌''
|''ǒ''
|''ǎ''
|''ą̌''
|-
! rowspan="3" |Low Tone
!Phoneme
!iː˩
!ɪː˩
!ʊː˩
!uː˩
!eː˩
!əː˩
!ʌː˩
!oː˩
!aː˩
!ɑː˩
|-
! rowspan="2" |Grapheme
|''<nowiki/>'ī''
|''<nowiki/>'īe''
|''<nowiki/>'ūo''
|''<nowiki/>'ū''
|''<nowiki/>'ē''
|''<nowiki/>'ēo''
|''<nowiki/>'ōe''
|''<nowiki/>'ō''
|''<nowiki/>'ā''
|''<nowiki/>'āo''
|-
|''<nowiki/>'ī''
|''<nowiki/>'į̄''
|''<nowiki/>'ų̄''
|''<nowiki/>'ū''
|''<nowiki/>'ē''
|''<nowiki/>'ę̄''
|''<nowiki/>'ǭ''
|''<nowiki/>'ō''
|''<nowiki/>'ā''
|''<nowiki/>'ą̄''
|}
=== Disambiguation ===
Many consonant phonemes are expressed with multigraphs that have an equivalent cluster. They are differenciated orthographically with apostrophes placed between consonant graphemes in a cluster.
Polyphthongs are mostly written by simply juxtaposing vowel letters together, but in cases with vowels that use digraphs, an overdot is placed on the non-first grapheme(s) of a diphthong to distinguish them (e.g. /ɪ i͡e/ are ⟨ie iė⟩, and /a͡ʌ ɑ͡e a͡o͡e/ are ⟨aȯe aoė *aȯė⟩). Since all two- or three-vowel clusters contrast with a polypthong, a diaerisis is placed on the non-first grapheme(s) of such clusters to distinguish them (e.g.  /ɪ i.e/ are ⟨ie ië⟩, and /a.ʌ ɑ.e a.o.e/ are ⟨aöe aoë aöë⟩).
When there are two adjacent vowels with an overdot, both overdots are omitted. For example, ⟨aoe⟩ must always be read as /ao̯e̯/, and not rewritten as ⟨aȯė⟩.
The following chart provides the correct phonemic readings of all ambiguous digraphs, all ambiguous non-syllabic consonant trigraphs, and two exmaple vowel trigraphs.
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible"
! colspan="15" |Multigraph Disambiguation
|-
! colspan="6" |Consonants
! colspan="3" |Syllabic Consonants
! colspan="6" |Vowels
|-
! colspan="3" |Digraph
! colspan="3" |Trigraph
! colspan="3" |Digraph
! colspan="3" |Short Vowel Multigraph
! colspan="3" |Long Vowel Multigraph
|-
! colspan="2" |Grapheme
! rowspan="2" |Phonemes
! colspan="2" |Grapheme
! rowspan="2" |Phonemes
! colspan="2" |Grapheme
! rowspan="2" |Phonemes
! colspan="2" |Grapheme
! rowspan="2" |Phonemes
! colspan="2" |Grapheme
! rowspan="2" |Phonemes
|-
!Base
!Distinction
!Base
!Distinction
!Base
!Distinction
!Base
!Distinction
!Base
!Distinction
|-
! rowspan="2" |dz
|''dz''
|/d͡z/
! rowspan="3" |ddz
|''ddz''
|/d͡zː/
! rowspan="2" |ṇy
|''ṇy''
|/ɲ̩/
! rowspan="3" |ie
|''ie''
|/ɪ/
! rowspan="2" |īe
|''īe''
|/ɪː/
|-
|''d'z''
|/ðz/
|''d'dz''
|/ðd͡z/
|''ṇ'y''
|/n̩j/
|''iė''
|/ie̯/
|''īë''
|/iː.e/
|-
| colspan="3" |
|''dd'z''
|/ðːz/
! rowspan="2" |ńy
|''ńy''
|/ɲ̩˥/
|''ië''
|/i.e/
| colspan="3" |
|-
! rowspan="2" |lh
|lh
|/ʎ̝̊/
! rowspan="3" |llh
|''llh''
|/ʎ̝̊ː/
|''ń'y''
|/n̩˥j/
! rowspan="3" |uo
|''uo''
|/ʊ/
! rowspan="2" |ūo
|''ūo''
|/ʊː/
|-
|''l'h''
|/lh/
|''l'lh''
|/lʎ̝̊/
! rowspan="2" |ṅy
|''ṅy''
|/ɲ̩˧/
|''uȯ''
|/uo̯/
|''ūö''
|/uː.o/
|-
| colspan="3" |
|''ll'h''
|/lːh/
|''ṅ'y''
|/n̩˧j/
|''uö''
|/u.o/
| colspan="3" |
|-
! rowspan="2" |ng
|''ng''
|/ŋ/
! rowspan="3" |nng
|''nng''
|/ŋː/
! rowspan="2" |'ṇy
|''<nowiki/>'ṇy''
|/ɲ̩˩/
! rowspan="3" |eo
|''eo''
|/ə/
! rowspan="2" |ēo
|''ēo''
|/əː/
|-
|''n'g''
|/nɡ/
|''n'ng''
|/nŋ/
|''<nowiki/>'ṇ'y''
|/n̩˩j/
|''eȯ''
|/eo̯/
|''ēö''
|/eː.o/
|-
| colspan="3" |
|''nn'g''
|/nːɡ/
! rowspan="2" |ṇg
|''ṇg''
|/ŋ̩/
|''eö''
|/e.o/
| colspan="3" |
|-
! rowspan="2" |ny
|''ny''
|/ɲ/
! rowspan="3" |nny
|''nny''
|/ɲː/
|''ṇ'g''
|/n̩ɡ/
! rowspan="3" |oe
|''oe''
|/ʌ/
! rowspan="2" |ōe
|''ōe''
|/ʌː/
|-
|''n'y''
|/nj/
|''n'ny''
|/nɲ/
! rowspan="2" |ńg
|''ńg''
|/ŋ̩˥/
|''oė''
|/oe̯/
|''ōë''
|/oː.e/
|-
| colspan="3" rowspan="4" |
|''nn'y''
|/nːj/
|''ń'g''
|/n̩˥ɡ/
|''oë''
|/o.e/
| colspan="3" |
|-
! rowspan="3" |rrr
|''rrr''
|/ʀː/
! rowspan="2" |ṅg
|''ṅg''
|/ŋ̩˧/
! rowspan="3" |ao
|''ao''
|/ɑ/
! rowspan="2" |āo
|''āo''
|/ɑː/
|-
|''rr'r''
|/ʀɾ/
|''ṅ'g''
|/n̩˧ɡ/
|''aȯ''
|/ao̯/
|''āö''
|/aː.o/
|-
|''r'rr''
|/ɾʀ/
! rowspan="2" |'ṇg
|''<nowiki/>'ṇg''
|/ŋ̩˩/
|''aö''
|/a.o/
| colspan="3" |
|-
! rowspan="2" |sh
|''sh''
|/ʃ/
! rowspan="3" |ssh
|''ssh''
|/ʃː/
|''<nowiki/>'ṇ'g''
|/n̩ɡ/
! rowspan="8" |ieo (''example'')
|''ieo''
|/ie̯o̯/
! colspan="3" rowspan="17" |
|-
|''s'h''
|/sh/
|''s'sh''
|/sʃ/
! rowspan="2" |ẓh
|''ẓh''
|/ʒ̍/
|''iėo''
|/iə̯/
|-
| colspan="3" |
|''ss'h''
|/sːh/
|''ẓ'h''
|/z̩h/
|''ieȯ''
|/ɪo̯/
|-
! rowspan="2" |th
|''th''
|/θ/
! rowspan="3" |tth
|''tth''
|/θː/
! rowspan="2" |źh
|''źh''
|/ʒ̍˥/
|''iëo''
|/i.ə/
|-
|''t'h''
|/th/
|''t'th''
|/tθ/
|''ź'h''
|/z̩˥h/
|''ieö''
|/ɪ.o/
|-
| colspan="3" |
|''tt'h''
|/tːh/
! rowspan="2" |żh
|''żh''
|/ʒ̍˧/
|''iëö''
|/i.e.o/
|-
! rowspan="2" |zh
|''zh''
|/ʒ/
! rowspan="3" |zzh
|''zzh''
|/ʒː/
|''ż'h''
|/z̩˧h/
|''iëȯ''
|/i.eo̯/
|-
|''z'h''
|/zh/
|''z'zh''
|/zʒ/
! rowspan="2" |'ẓh
|''<nowiki/>'ẓh''
|/ʒ̍˩/
|''iėö''
|/ie̯.o/
|-
| colspan="3" |
|''zz'h''
|/zːh/
|''<nowiki/>'ẓ'h''
|/z̩˩h/
! rowspan="4" |oua (''example'')
|''oua''
|/ou̯a̯/
|-
! colspan="6" rowspan="8" |
! rowspan="2" |ṛr
|''ṛr''
|/ʀ̩/
|''oüa''
|/o.ua̯/
|-
|''ṛ'r''
|/ɾ̩ɾ/
|''ouä''
|/ou̯.a/
|-
! rowspan="2" |ŕr
|''ŕr''
|/ʀ̩˥/
|''oüä''
|/o.u.a/
|-
|''ŕ'r''
|/ɾ̩˥ɾ/
! colspan="3" rowspan="5" |
|-
! rowspan="2" |ṙr
|''ṙr''
|/ʀ̩˧/
|-
|''ṙ'r''
|/ɾ̩˧ɾ/
|-
! rowspan="2" |'ṛr
|''<nowiki/>'ṛr''
|/ʀ̩˩/
|-
|''<nowiki/>'ṛ'r''
|/ɾ̩˩ɾ/
|}

Revision as of 02:36, 13 April 2026

THIS PAGE IS INCOMPLETE AND INACCURATE PLEASE DISREGARD

Retrieved from "https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Kliqel_orthography&oldid=493778"