Columbé: Difference between revisions
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Around 1895, the British administrator of Saint Columban began to also incentivise migration from Cassim Po and elsewhere in the Poccasins to further diminish what was left of Portuguese influence on the island. Thus, many Bemé speakers, both native from Cassim Po and non-native from elsewhere in the Poccasins, arrived in droves on Saint Columban. Despite many not speaking Bemé as native speakers, the use of Bemé was encouraged out of necessity due to the diversity of languages spoken by the Saint Columban migrants; eventually Columbé developed as a distinct dialect and became the first language of almost all inhabitants of the island. | Around 1895, the British administrator of Saint Columban began to also incentivise migration from Cassim Po and elsewhere in the Poccasins to further diminish what was left of Portuguese influence on the island. Thus, many Bemé speakers, both native from Cassim Po and non-native from elsewhere in the Poccasins, arrived in droves on Saint Columban. Despite many not speaking Bemé as native speakers, the use of Bemé was encouraged out of necessity due to the diversity of languages spoken by the Saint Columban migrants; eventually Columbé developed as a distinct dialect and became the first language of almost all inhabitants of the island. | ||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
<small>''See also: [[Bemé#Phonology|Bemé § Phonology]].''</small><br> | <small>''See also: [[Bemé#Phonology|Bemé § Phonology]].''</small></br> | ||
Columbé has several distinct phonological features that distinguish it from standard [[Bemé#Phonology|Bemé]]. | Columbé has several distinct phonological features that distinguish it from standard [[Bemé#Phonology|Bemé]]. | ||
Among consonants, [[w:Syllabic consonant|syllabic]] /l̩/ is usually palatalised to /ʎ̩/, so ''Beyb'''l''''' [[IPA for Bemé|[bei̯bl̩]]] becomes [[IPA for Bemé|[beːbʎ̩]]]. Voiced plosives /b, d, g/ are lenited to [[w:Voiced fricative|fricative]] [β, ð, ɣ] or [[w:Approximant|approximant]] [β̞, ð̞, ɣ̞] intervocalically, though these allophones are typically only written as [β, ð, ɣ] or not at all. /ɲ/ may also be realised as /j̃/ in word-medial positions, so {{l|beme|grinyeh}} would be pronounced [[IPA for Bemé|[ | Among consonants, [[w:Syllabic consonant|syllabic]] /l̩/ is usually palatalised to /ʎ̩/, so ''Beyb'''l''''' [[IPA for Bemé|[bei̯bl̩]]] becomes [[IPA for Bemé|[beːbʎ̩]]]. Voiced plosives /b, d, g/ are lenited to [[w:Voiced fricative|fricative]] [β, ð, ɣ] or [[w:Approximant|approximant]] [β̞, ð̞, ɣ̞] intervocalically, though these allophones are typically only written as [β, ð, ɣ] or not at all. /ɲ/ may also be realised as /j̃/ in word-medial positions, so {{l|beme|grinyeh}} would be pronounced [[IPA for Bemé|[gɾij̃e]]]. Standard approximant /ɹ/ is pronounced as [[w:Voiced alveolar tap or flap|tap]] /ɾ/, as is typical of most ''[[Bemé#Tak vs kriyal|kriyal]]'' varieties in the south of the Poccasins (where Columban is located). /n/ may also palatalise to a /ɲ/ before an /i/, though not before /iː/, which is an allophone of /ei̯/. /kr, gr/, though very variable among Cassim Po dialects and adjacent dialects such as [[Bijun Creole]], are remarkably invariable in Columbé; /kr/ and /gr/ are almost always pronounced [kɾ] and [gɾ] respectively, though the tap may be devoiced in /kr/ in some younger speakers, yielding instead [kɾ̥] and [gɾ] respectively. | ||
Among short vowels, /u/ is often pronounced /ʌ/ and /ɛ/ is [[Bemé#Leleh|always pronounced /e/]]. | Among short vowels, /u/ is often pronounced /ʌ/ and /ɛ/ is [[Bemé#Leleh|always pronounced /e/]]. | ||