Ganymedian: Difference between revisions

Line 78:

===Personal pronouns===

{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"

! !! Singular !! Plural

! rowspan=2 | Person !! colspan=2 | Singular !! colspan=2 | Plural

|-

! ~~1st person~~

! {{gcl|CONJ|conjunctive}} !! {{gcl|EMP}} !! {{gcl|CONJ|conjunctive}} !! {{gcl|EMP}}

| ~~''mi''~~ || ~~''nosi''~~

|-

! ~~2nd person~~

! 1st

| ''tu'' || ''~~uté~~''

| ''mi'' || ''mimi'' || colspan=2 | ''nosi''

|-

! ~~3rd person~~

! 2nd

| ''ye'' || ''wa''

| ''tu'' || ''tutu'' || ''uté'' || ''utede''

|-

! 3rd

| ''ye'' || ''yeye'' || ''wa'' || ''wao''

|}

''Nosi'' is the preferred form of the Akademia Kiganimedi, though in colloquial speech the full form is rarely used; the standard form itself is a portmanteau of {{mn|es|nos}} and {{mn|sw|sisi}}, as a compromise between the two forms that are dominant among Latin American- and East African-originating communities respectively. More common, colloquial forms include {{l|gnym|nos}}, {{l|gnym|nó}} (to differentiate from {{l|gnym|no}})~~, {{l|gnym|sisi}}~~, {{l|gnym|sí}} (to differentiate from {{l|gnym|si}} "yes") or even simply {{l|gnym|n}} (cf. {{mn|ht|n}}, ~~contracted~~ form of {{l|ht|~~nou~~}} "we").

Ganymedian personal pronouns are divided into '''conjunctive''' or '''conjunction''' ('''CONJ''') and '''emphatic''' ('''EMP''') pronouns. Conjunctive pronouns are used grammatically when the subject is not being stressed, as in '''''Mi''' kome pani'' "I eat bread", while emphatic pronouns would be used to stress the subject, as in ''No, ye no likome, '''mimi''' likome'' "No, he didn't eat, '''''I''''' ate".

''Nosi'' is the preferred conjunctive and emphatic form of the Akademia Kiganimedi, though in colloquial speech the full form is rarely used; the standard form itself is a portmanteau of {{mn|es|nos}} and {{mn|sw|sisi}}, as a compromise between the two forms that are dominant among Latin American- and East African-originating communities respectively. More common, colloquial forms for the conjunctive include {{l|gnym|nos}}, {{l|gnym|nó}} (to differentiate from {{l|gnym|no}}), {{l|gnym|sí}} (to differentiate from {{l|gnym|si}} "yes") or even simply {{l|gnym|n}} (cf. {{mn|ht|n}}), while the most common nonstandard emphatic form is {{l|gnym|sisi}}.

Personal pronouns are made possessive by placing the conjunctive forms after the possessum, e.g. ''miti mi'' "my tree", ''karo tu'' "your car", etc. Emphatic forms are never possessive; to stress the possessor, a {{l|gnym|ya}} is put between the possessor and possessum, so ''miti mi'' "my tree" > ''miti '''ya mi''''' "'''''my''''' tree".

~~Personal pronouns are made possessive by placing them after the possessum, e.g. ''miti mi'' "my tree", ''karo tu'' "your car", etc.~~

===Determiners===

====Demonstratives====

@@ Line 78: / Line 78: @@
 ===Personal pronouns===
 {| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
-! !! Singular !! Plural
+! rowspan=2 | Person !! colspan=2 | Singular !! colspan=2 | Plural
 |-
-! 1<sup><small>st</small></sup> person
+! {{gcl|CONJ|conjunctive}} !! {{gcl|EMP}} !! {{gcl|CONJ|conjunctive}} !! {{gcl|EMP}}
-| ''mi'' || ''nosi''
 |-
-! 2<sup><small>nd</small></sup> person
+! 1st
-| ''tu'' || ''uté''
+| ''mi'' || ''mimi'' || colspan=2 | ''nosi''
 |-
-! 3<sup><small>rd</small></sup> person
+! 2nd
-| ''ye'' || ''wa''
+| ''tu'' || ''tutu'' || ''uté'' || ''utede''
+|-
+! 3rd
+| ''ye'' || ''yeye'' || ''wa'' || ''wao''
 |}
-''Nosi'' is the preferred form of the Akademia Kiganimedi, though in colloquial speech the full form is rarely used; the standard form itself is a portmanteau of {{mn|es|nos}} and {{mn|sw|sisi}}, as a compromise between the two forms that are dominant among Latin American- and East African-originating communities respectively. More common, colloquial forms include {{l|gnym|nos}}, {{l|gnym|nó}} (to differentiate from {{l|gnym|no}}), {{l|gnym|sisi}}, {{l|gnym|sí}} (to differentiate from {{l|gnym|si}} "yes") or even simply {{l|gnym|n}} (cf. {{mn|ht|n}}, contracted form of {{l|ht|nou}} "we").
+Ganymedian personal pronouns are divided into '''conjunctive''' or '''conjunction''' ('''CONJ''') and '''emphatic''' ('''EMP''') pronouns. Conjunctive pronouns are used grammatically when the subject is not being stressed, as in '''''Mi''' kome pani'' "I eat bread", while emphatic pronouns would be used to stress the subject, as in ''No, ye no likome, '''mimi''' likome'' "No, he didn't eat, '''''I''''' ate".
+''Nosi'' is the preferred conjunctive and emphatic form of the Akademia Kiganimedi, though in colloquial speech the full form is rarely used; the standard form itself is a portmanteau of {{mn|es|nos}} and {{mn|sw|sisi}}, as a compromise between the two forms that are dominant among Latin American- and East African-originating communities respectively. More common, colloquial forms for the conjunctive include {{l|gnym|nos}}, {{l|gnym|nó}} (to differentiate from {{l|gnym|no}}), {{l|gnym|sí}} (to differentiate from {{l|gnym|si}} "yes") or even simply {{l|gnym|n}} (cf. {{mn|ht|n}}), while the most common nonstandard emphatic form is {{l|gnym|sisi}}.
+Personal pronouns are made possessive by placing the conjunctive forms after the possessum, e.g. ''miti mi'' "my tree", ''karo tu'' "your car", etc. Emphatic forms are never possessive; to stress the possessor, a {{l|gnym|ya}} is put between the possessor and possessum, so ''miti mi'' "my tree" > ''miti '''ya mi''''' "'''''my''''' tree".
-Personal pronouns are made possessive by placing them after the possessum, e.g. ''miti mi'' "my tree", ''karo tu'' "your car", etc.
 ===Determiners===
 ====Demonstratives====