Glommish/Middle

Nouns

Strong vocalic declensions

The -a declension

This declension has as counterparts the second declension (us/um) of Latin, and the omicron declension (os/on) of Greek. It contains masculine and neuter nouns.

	dag; daga day m.				wurd; wurda word m.
	Singular		Plural		Singular		Plural
Nominative	dag	–	daga	–a	wurd	–	wurda	–a
Genitive	dagъs	–ъs	daga	–a	wurdъs	–ъs	wurda	–a
Dative	dagy	–y	dagъm	–ъm	wurdy	–y	wurdъm	–ъm
Instrumental	daga	–a	--	--	wurda	–a	--	--

Examples of masculine nouns declined like dag "day": berg "mountain", weg "way", gyst "spirit", kuning "king".

The -ja declension

This declension was really just the -a declension with a j immediately preceding. However, due to various sound laws, a new declension subcategory has arisen that does not exactly follow the form of the plain -a declension. Similar developments occurred in Greek and the Slavic languages, among others.

This declension has as counterparts the second declension nouns in (-ius/-ium) of Latin. The counterparts in Greek are some second declension nouns in (-ios/-ion), as well as many that show effects of palatalization (e.g., -zdos < *-gyos or *-dyos; -llos < *-lyos; -ptos < -*pyos; -ssos or -ttos < -*tyos; -airos/-eiros/-oiros < *-aryos/-eryos/-oryos; -ainos/-einos/-oinos < *-anyos/enyos/onyos; etc., and similarly for neuter nouns in -ion or *-yon). It contains masculine and neuter nouns.

	hirdь; hirdia herdsman, shephard m.
	Singular		Plural
Nominative	hirdь	–ь	hirdia	–ia
Genitive	hirdьs	–ьs	hirdia	–ia
Dative	hirdi	–i	hirdьm	–ьm
Instrumental	hirdia	–ia	--	--

Sample nouns like hirdь: agent nouns in -arь (-aria), e.g. wahtarь (-aria) "watchman", lyrarь "teacher"

Sample nouns like kunь: andь "end", rīkь "kingdom", bedь "bed", gъtungь "language", finstarnъs "darkness", herь "army" (genitive singular heries, dative singular herie, herige).

The -wa declension

	snyw, sny; snywa snow m.				knio; knio knee n.
	Singular		Plural		Singular		Plural
Nominative	snyw, sny	–	snywa	–wa	knio	–o, –	knio	–o, –
Genitive	snywъs	–wъs	snywa	–wa	knewъs	–wъs	knewa	–wa
Dative	snywy	–wy	snewъm	–ъm	knewy	–wy	knewъm	–ъm

The -ō declension

This declension counterparts the first declension (a) of Latin, and the alpha declension (a/as) of Greek. It contains feminine nouns.

	dżāva; dżāvar gift f.
	Singular		Plural
Nominative	dżāva	–a	dżāvar	–ar
Genitive	dżāvar	–ar	dżāva	–a
Dative	dżāvaj	–aj	dżāvam	–am

Sample nouns of this declension: dżáva "gift", jerþa "earth", yra "honor", tala "number", triwa "fidelity", korunga "temptation", hardiþa "hardness", mildiþa "compassion", ganāþa "favor", losiunga "deliverance", stunda "time".