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Valthungian: Difference between revisions
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→Strong a-stem (masculine)
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{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
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!width=100| Nom.Sg. !!width=100| Gen.Sg. !!width=100| Dat.Sg. !!width=100| Acc.Sg. !!width=100| Nom.Pl. !!width=100| Gen.Pl. !!width=100| Dat.Pl. !!width=100| Acc.Pl. !!width=100| | |||
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| | |colspan=9 width=900|'''Type I: Default''' | ||
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| | |align="center"| slǣp'''az''' ||align="center"| slǣp'''is''' ||align="center"| slǣp'''ai''' ||align="center"| slǣp'''ą''' ||align="center"| slǣp'''ōz''' ||align="center"| slǣp'''ǫ̂''' ||align="center"| slǣp'''amaz''' ||align="center"| slǣp'''anz''' ||rowspan=4| ‘''sleep''’ | ||
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|align="center"| slēp'''s''' ||align="center"| slēp'''is''' ||align="center"| slēp'''a''' ||align="center"| slēp ||align="center"| slēp'''ōs''' ||align="center"| slēp'''ē''' ||align="center"| slēp'''am''' ||align="center"| slēp'''ans''' | |||
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| | |align="center"| slēp'''s ''' ||align="center"| slēp'''is ''' ||align="center"| slēp'''a ''' ||align="center"| slēp ||align="center"| slēp'''as ''' ||align="center"| slēp'''a ''' ||align="center"| slēp'''ma ''' ||align="center"| slēp'''nas ''' | ||
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| | |colspan=8| <small>This is the default declension of the a-stem paradigm. Note the metathesis in the endings on the dative and accusative plural.</small> | ||
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|colspan= | |colspan=9 width=900|'''Type II: Syllabic''' | ||
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|align="center"| ak'''raz''' ||align="center"| ak'''ris''' ||align="center"| ak'''rai''' ||align="center"| ak'''rą''' ||align="center"| ak'''rōz''' ||align="center"| ak'''rǫ̂''' ||align="center"| ak'''ramaz''' ||align="center"| ak'''ranz''' ||rowspan=4| ‘''field''’ | |||
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|colspan=8| <small>Like the above, this deals with nouns ending in ‹b›, which spirantizes to ‹v› in most declensions, but it is prevented from devoicing to ‹f› in the nominative and accusative by a consonant before it. This is a rule inhereited from Gothic. Metathesis in the dative and accusative plural is also blocked.</small> | |align="center"| ak'''rs''' ||align="center"| ak'''ris''' ||align="center"| ak'''ra''' ||align="center"| ak'''r''' ||align="center"| ak'''rōs''' ||align="center"| ak'''rē''' ||align="center"| ak'''ram''' ||align="center"| ak'''rans''' | ||
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|align="center"| akr'''<span style="color:red">a</span>s''' ||align="center"| akr'''is''' ||align="center"| akr'''a''' ||align="center"| akr'''<span style="color:red">a</span>''' ||align="center"| akr'''as''' ||align="center"| akr'''a''' ||align="center"| akr'''<span style="color:red">am</span>''' ||align="center"| akr'''<span style="color:red">an</span>s''' | |||
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|colspan=8| <small>For those nouns ending in a syllabic sonorant in Gothic (‹r›, ‹l›, ‹m›, or ‹n› after another consonant), a vowel must be added to certain endings (indicated in red). Consquently, the metathesis observed in the default form is undone. (Or, more accurately, is blocked from occurring in the first place.) </small> | |||
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|colspan=9 width=900|'''Type IIIa: Voicing/Spirantization Merging (ba-stem)''' | |||
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|align="center"| hlai'''baz''' ||align="center"| hlai'''bis''' ||align="center"| hlai'''bai''' ||align="center"| hlai'''bą''' ||align="center"| hlai'''bōz''' ||align="center"| hlai'''bǫ̂''' ||align="center"| hlai'''bamaz''' ||align="center"| hlai'''banz''' ||rowspan=4| ‘''bread''’ | |||
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|align="center"| hlai'''fs''' ||align="center"| hlai'''bis''' ||align="center"| hlai'''ba''' ||align="center"| hlai'''f''' ||align="center"| hlai'''bōs''' ||align="center"| hlai'''bē''' ||align="center"| hlai'''bam''' ||align="center"| hlai'''bans''' | |||
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|align="center"| þlǣ'''<span style="color:red">f</span>s''' ||align="center"| þlǣ'''<span style="color:blue">v</span>is''' ||align="center"| þlǣ'''<span style="color:blue">v</span>a''' ||align="center"| þlǣ'''<span style="color:red">f</span>''' ||align="center"| þlǣ'''<span style="color:blue">v</span>as''' ||align="center"| þlǣ'''<span style="color:blue">v</span>a''' ||align="center"| þlǣ'''<span style="color:blue">v</span>ma''' ||align="center"| þlǣ'''<span style="color:blue">v</span>nas''' | |||
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|colspan=8| <small>For roots ending in ‹b›, it is devoiced to ‹f› in the nominative and accusative singular (at a time before Gothic), indicated in red. ‹b› is spirantized (that is, becomes ‹v›) in the rest of the endings, indicated in blue. (This was the case in Gothic as well, though the spirantization was not indicated in writing.) In the case of those roots ending in ‹f›, the ‹f› is voiced to ‹v› in the same environment that ‹b› is spirantized, so as far as Gutish is concerned, these two paradigms are identical.</small> | |||
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|colspan=9 width=900|'''Type IVa: Post-Approximant Spirantization (Cba-stem)''' | |||
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|align="center"| hwer'''baz''' ||align="center"| hwer'''bis''' ||align="center"| hwer'''bai''' ||align="center"| hwer'''bą''' ||align="center"| hwer'''bōz''' ||align="center"| hwer'''bǫ̂''' ||align="center"| hwer'''bamaz''' ||align="center"| hwer'''banz''' ||rowspan=4| ‘''planet''’ | |||
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|align="center"| ƕair'''fs''' ||align="center"| ƕair'''bis''' ||align="center"| ƕair'''ba''' ||align="center"| ƕair'''f''' ||align="center"| ƕair'''bōs''' ||align="center"| ƕair'''bē''' ||align="center"| ƕair'''bam''' ||align="center"| ƕair'''bans''' | |||
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|align="right" rowspan=2 valign="top"| '''n.st.m.a.Cba ||align="center"| hwer'''<span style="color:red">b</span>s''' ||align="center"| hwer'''<span style="color:blue">v</span>is''' ||align="center"| hwer'''<span style="color:blue">v</span>a''' ||align="center"| hwer'''<span style="color:red">b</span>''' ||align="center"| hwer'''<span style="color:blue">v</span>as''' ||align="center"| hwer'''<span style="color:blue">v</span>a''' ||align="center"| hwer'''<span style="color:blue">v</span><span style="color:red">am</span>''' ||align="center"| hwer'''<span style="color:blue">v</span><span style="color:red">an</span>s''' | |||
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|colspan=8| <small>Like the above, this deals with nouns ending in ‹b›, which spirantizes to ‹v› in most declensions, but it is prevented from devoicing to ‹f› in the nominative and accusative by a consonant before it. This is a rule inhereited from Gothic. Metathesis in the dative and accusative plural is also blocked. This occurs for stems ending in ‹rb›, ‹rd›, ‹lb›, and ‹ld›.</small> | |||
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|align="right" rowspan=2 valign="top"| '''n.st.m.a.Cfa ||align="center"| wul'''<span style="color:red">f</span>s''' ||align="center"| wul'''<span style="color:blue">v</span>is''' ||align="center"| wul'''<span style="color:blue">v</span>a''' ||align="center"| wul'''<span style="color:red">f</span>''' ||align="center"| wul'''<span style="color:blue">v</span>as''' ||align="center"| wul'''<span style="color:blue">v</span>a''' ||align="center"| wul'''<span style="color:blue">v</span><span style="color:red">am</span>''' ||align="center"| wul'''<span style="color:blue">v</span><span style="color:red">an</span>s''' || ‘''wolf''’ | |align="right" rowspan=2 valign="top"| '''n.st.m.a.Cfa ||align="center"| wul'''<span style="color:red">f</span>s''' ||align="center"| wul'''<span style="color:blue">v</span>is''' ||align="center"| wul'''<span style="color:blue">v</span>a''' ||align="center"| wul'''<span style="color:red">f</span>''' ||align="center"| wul'''<span style="color:blue">v</span>as''' ||align="center"| wul'''<span style="color:blue">v</span>a''' ||align="center"| wul'''<span style="color:blue">v</span><span style="color:red">am</span>''' ||align="center"| wul'''<span style="color:blue">v</span><span style="color:red">an</span>s''' || ‘''wolf''’ | ||