Minhast: Difference between revisions

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=== Adverbial Affixes ===

The Adverbial affixes qualify the manner or degree of a state or an event. ~~Multiple~~ Adverbial ~~affixes may co-occur in this slot, and unlike the other verbal slots, the affixes within this slot~~ may ~~occur in differing orders, similar to the hierarchical arrangement found in Yup'ik and other Eskimoan languages~~. ~~A given~~ affix has scope over all elements to its left, thus in the following example, the affix ''-šupt-'' (quickly) has scope over the affix ''-yakkark-'' (silently) in the following verb: ''Ušniyakkarkišuptaru'' << ''ušn-yakkark-šupt-∅-ar-u'' (hit-silently-quickly-3S.ABS+3S.ERG-PST-TRANS) "He hit him quickly and silently". The Adverbial affixes usually come in pairs, one signifying the positive condition, and the other signifying its antonym. ~~An adverbial affix cannot co-occur with its antonmy. The Adverbial affixes~~ may interact with one or more of the Preverbal affixes, such as the Mitigative, e.g. ''Hipsašnišuptaru'' << ''hipsa-ušn-šupt-∅-ar-u'' (hit~~-silently~~-quickly-3S.ABS+3S.ERG-PST-TRANS) "He hit him somewhat quickly". The following table lists the most commonly encountered Adverbial affixes, but currently around 300+ affixes have been documented. Most affixes have an accompanying antonym.

The Adverbial affixes qualify the manner or degree of a state or an event. Only one Adverbial affix at any time may surface at any time.

Each Adverbial affix usually has an antonym counterpart. They may interact with one or more of the Preverbal affixes, particularly the ones which themselves have encode some adverbial semantic information, such as the Mitigative, e.g. ''Hipsašnišuptaru'' << ''hipsa-ušn-šupt-∅-ar-u'' (MIT-hit-quickly-3S.ABS+3S.ERG-PST-TRANS) "He hit him somewhat quickly". The following table lists the most commonly encountered Adverbial affixes, but currently around 300+ affixes have been documented. Most affixes have an accompanying antonym.

Note that there the Adverbial affixes have corresponding independent verbal counterparts, such as the Adverbial affix ''-yakkark-'' vs ''kiskār-an'' (to be strong, to do quickly). The Adverbial affixes usually bear no etymological relationship to its verbal counterpart, save for a couple of instances, such as ''-naskef-'' (cleverly) and ''nask-an=mā kafak-an'' (to be smart and deceitful). Adverbial affixes such as these often lack a corresponding antonym.

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 === Adverbial Affixes ===
-The Adverbial affixes qualify the manner or degree of a state or an event.  Multiple Adverbial affixes may co-occur in this slot, and unlike the other verbal slots, the affixes within this slot may occur in differing orders, similar to the hierarchical arrangement found in Yup'ik and other Eskimoan languages.  A given affix has scope over all elements to its left, thus in the following example, the affix ''-šupt-'' (quickly) has scope over the affix ''-yakkark-'' (silently) in the following verb: ''Ušniyakkarkišuptaru'' << ''ušn-yakkark-šupt-∅-ar-u'' (hit-silently-quickly-3S.ABS+3S.ERG-PST-TRANS) "He hit him quickly and silently".  The Adverbial affixes usually come in pairs, one signifying the positive condition, and the other signifying its antonym.  An adverbial affix cannot co-occur with its antonmy.  The Adverbial affixes may interact with one or more of the Preverbal affixes, such as the Mitigative, e.g. ''Hipsašnišuptaru'' << ''hipsa-ušn-šupt-∅-ar-u'' (hit-silently-quickly-3S.ABS+3S.ERG-PST-TRANS) "He hit him somewhat quickly".  The following table lists the most commonly encountered Adverbial affixes, but currently around 300+ affixes have been documented.  Most affixes have an accompanying antonym.
+The Adverbial affixes qualify the manner or degree of a state or an event.  Only one Adverbial affix at any time may surface at any time.
+Each Adverbial affix usually has an antonym counterpart.  They may interact with one or more of the Preverbal affixes, particularly the ones which themselves have encode some adverbial semantic information, such as the Mitigative, e.g. ''Hipsašnišuptaru'' << ''hipsa-ušn-šupt-∅-ar-u'' (MIT-hit-quickly-3S.ABS+3S.ERG-PST-TRANS) "He hit him somewhat quickly".  The following table lists the most commonly encountered Adverbial affixes, but currently around 300+ affixes have been documented.  Most affixes have an accompanying antonym.
 Note that there the Adverbial affixes have corresponding independent verbal counterparts, such as the Adverbial affix ''-yakkark-'' vs ''kiskār-an'' (to be strong, to do quickly).  The Adverbial affixes usually bear no etymological relationship to its verbal counterpart, save for a couple of instances, such as ''-naskef-'' (cleverly) and ''nask-an=mā kafak-an'' (to be smart and deceitful).  Adverbial affixes such as these often lack a corresponding antonym.