Eta-Talmic: Difference between revisions
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==P-Talmic sketch== | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 700px; text-align:center;" | |||
! colspan="2" | | |||
! |Labial | |||
! |Alveolar | |||
! |Lateral | |||
! |Retroflex | |||
! |Velar | |||
! |Uvular | |||
! |Glottal | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" style="" |Nasal | |||
| '''m''' /m/ | |||
| '''n''' /n/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" |Plosive | |||
! |<small>voiceless</small> | |||
| '''p''' /p/ | |||
| '''t''' /t/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| '''c''' /k/ | |||
| '''q''' /q/ | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! |<small>voiced</small> | |||
| '''b''' /b/ | |||
| '''d''' /d/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| '''g''' /g/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" style="" |Fricative | |||
! |<small>voiceless</small> | |||
| '''f''' /f/ | |||
| '''s''' /s/ | |||
| '''ł''' /ɬ/ | |||
| '''sh''' /ʂ/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| '''h''' /h/ | |||
|- | |||
! |<small>voiced</small> | |||
|rowspan="2"| '''v''' /v~w/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|rowspan="2"| '''zh''' /ʐ~ɻ/ | |||
| | |||
|rowspan="2"| '''gh''' /ʁ/ | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" |Resonant | |||
| '''r''' /r/ | |||
| '''l''' /l/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
evidentials, quasi-polysynthetic | |||
i i: u u: | |||
e e: ə ə: o o: | |||
a a: | |||
iə eu uə oi iu | |||
{{angbr|'''i î u û e ê y ŷ o ô a â ia eu ua oe iu'''}} | |||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
Revision as of 04:13, 4 January 2017
P-Talmic sketch
| Labial | Alveolar | Lateral | Retroflex | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m /m/ | n /n/ | ||||||
| Plosive | voiceless | p /p/ | t /t/ | c /k/ | q /q/ | |||
| voiced | b /b/ | d /d/ | g /g/ | |||||
| Fricative | voiceless | f /f/ | s /s/ | ł /ɬ/ | sh /ʂ/ | h /h/ | ||
| voiced | v /v~w/ | zh /ʐ~ɻ/ | gh /ʁ/ | |||||
| Resonant | r /r/ | l /l/ | ||||||
evidentials, quasi-polysynthetic
i i: u u: e e: ə ə: o o: a a: iə eu uə oi iu
⟨i î u û e ê y ŷ o ô a â ia eu ua oe iu⟩
Phonology
Consonants
| Proto-Talmic reconstructed consonants (Guānitzhūtł) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Labial | Alveolar | Lateral | Palatal | Velar | Labiovelar | Uvular | Labiouvular | Glottal | ||
| Nasal | *m | *n | ||||||||
| Plosive | voiceless | *t | *k | *kʷ | *q | *qʷ | *ʔ | |||
| voiced | *b | *d | *g | *gʷ | ||||||
| Fricative | voiceless | *ɸ | *s | *ɬ | *h | |||||
| voiced | *ɮ | *ʁ | *ʁʷ | |||||||
| Resonant | *r | *l | *j | *w | ||||||
Vowels
TODO: find plausible intermediates between PQ and Thensarian vowels
a e i o u ə ā ē ī ō ū
Diphthongs:
ai ei oi ui au eu iu ou
Thensarian reflexes
PTal reflexes in bold
- *a > o > o
- *ax̌, əx̌, ax̌ʷ > ā > ā
- *aʔ, əx̌ʷ > ō > ō
- *ə > e > e
- *i > i > i
- *u > u > u
- *ay > oi > ȳ
- *əy > ai > ae
- *iy > ei > ī
- *uy > ui > ui
- *iʔ, ix > ī > ī
- *aw > ou > ao
- *əw > eu > iō
- *iw > iu > iū
- *uʔ, ux, uxʷ > ū > ū
- *uw > ou > ao
- *Cx̌, Cx̌ʷ > Ca > Ca
- *Cxʷ > Co > Co
- *Cx > Cə > Cy
- *əʔ, əx, ix̌ > ē > ē
- *ux̌, x̌u > ō > ō
- *axʷ, ax̌ʷ > au > ao
- *ixʷ, ix̌ʷ > eu > iō
- *ux̌ʷ > ō > ō
- *iyx̌, iyx̌ʷ > iā
- *əyx̌, əyx̌ʷ > eā
- *iy(ə)x > iē