Eta-Talmic: Difference between revisions
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| Line 13: | Line 13: | ||
| '''m''' /m/ | | '''m''' /m/ | ||
| '''n''' /n/ | | '''n''' /n/ | ||
| | | '''nh''' /ɳ/ | ||
| | | | ||
| [ŋ] | | [ŋ] | ||
| Line 23: | Line 23: | ||
| '''p''' /p/ | | '''p''' /p/ | ||
| '''t''' /t/ | | '''t''' /t/ | ||
| | | '''th''' /ʈ/ | ||
| | | | ||
| '''c''' /k/ | | '''c''' /k/ | ||
| Line 32: | Line 32: | ||
| '''b''' /b/ | | '''b''' /b/ | ||
| '''d''' /d/ | | '''d''' /d/ | ||
| | | '''dh''' /ɖ/ | ||
| | | | ||
| '''g''' /g/ | | '''g''' /g/ | ||
Revision as of 05:53, 4 January 2017
P-Talmic sketch
| Labial | Alveolar | Retroflex | Lateral | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m /m/ | n /n/ | nh /ɳ/ | [ŋ] | [ɴ] | |||
| Plosive | voiceless | p /p/ | t /t/ | th /ʈ/ | c /k/ | q /q/ | ||
| voiced | b /b/ | d /d/ | dh /ɖ/ | g /g/ | ||||
| Fricative | voiceless | s /s/ | sh /ʂ/ | ł /ɬ/ | h /h/ | |||
| voiced | v /v~w/ | zh /ʐ~ɻ/ | gh /ʁ/ | |||||
| Resonant | r /r/ | l /l/ | ||||||
evidentials, quasi-polysynthetic
i i: u u: e e: ə o o: a a: iə eu uə oi iu
⟨i î u û e ê y o ô a â ia eu ua oe iu⟩
Phonology
Consonants
| Proto-Talmic reconstructed consonants (Guānitzhūtł) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Labial | Alveolar | Lateral | Palatal | Velar | Labiovelar | Uvular | Labiouvular | Glottal | ||
| Nasal | *m | *n | ||||||||
| Plosive | voiceless | *t | *k | *kʷ | *q | *qʷ | ||||
| voiced | *b | *d | *g | *gʷ | ||||||
| Fricative | voiceless | *ɸ | *s | *ɬ | *h | |||||
| voiced | *ɮ | *ʁ | *ʁʷ | |||||||
| Resonant | *r | *l | *j | *w | ||||||
Vowels
TODO: find plausible intermediates between PQ and Thensarian vowels
a e i o u ə ā ē ī ō ū
Diphthongs:
ai ei oi ui au eu iu ou
Thensarian reflexes
PTal reflexes in bold
- *a > o > o
- *ax̌, əx̌, ax̌ʷ > ā > ā
- *aʔ, əx̌ʷ > ō > ō
- *ə > e > e
- *i > i > i
- *u > u > u
- *ay > oi > ȳ
- *əy > ai > ae
- *iy > ei > ī
- *uy > ui > ui
- *iʔ, ix > ī > ī
- *aw > ou > ao
- *əw > eu > iō
- *iw > iu > iū
- *uʔ, ux, uxʷ > ū > ū
- *uw > ou > ao
- *Cx̌, Cx̌ʷ > Ca > Ca
- *Cxʷ > Co > Co
- *Cx > Cə > Cy
- *əʔ, əx, ix̌ > ē > ē
- *ux̌, x̌u > ō > ō
- *axʷ, ax̌ʷ > au > ao
- *ixʷ, ix̌ʷ > eu > iō
- *ux̌ʷ > ō > ō
- *iyx̌, iyx̌ʷ > iā
- *əyx̌, əyx̌ʷ > eā
- *iy(ə)x > iē