Chlouvānem/Swadesh list: Difference between revisions
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|wrd001=''lili'' | |wrd001=''lili'' | ||
|wrd002=''sāmi'' (informal) — ''fali'' (formal superior) — ''vāti'' (formal equal) — ''ūri'' (formal inferior)<ref>Given names with the appropriate titles are often used instead of these pronouns.</ref> | |wrd002=''sāmi'' (informal) — ''fali'' (formal superior) — ''vāti'' (formal equal) — ''ūri'' (formal inferior)<ref>Given names with the appropriate titles are often used instead of these pronouns.</ref> | ||
|wrd003=''tami | |wrd003=''tami'' | ||
|wrd004=''main'' | |wrd004=''main'' | ||
|wrd005=''nain'' (informal) — ''yavyāta'' (formal, undefined groups) — ''yakaliyātam'' (formal, defined groups) | |wrd005=''nain'' (informal) — ''yavyāta'' (formal, undefined groups) — ''yakaliyātam'' (formal, defined groups) | ||
|wrd006=''toman | |wrd006=''toman'' | ||
|wrd007=''nenė'' | |wrd007=''nenė'' | ||
|wrd008=''nanā'' <small>(medial: nunū)</small> | |wrd008=''nanā'' <small>(medial: nunū)</small> | ||
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|wrd020=''ṣūbha'' | |wrd020=''ṣūbha'' | ||
|wrd021=''viṣam'' | |wrd021=''viṣam'' | ||
|wrd022='' | |wrd022=''leila'' | ||
|wrd023=''dani | |wrd023=''dani'' | ||
|wrd024=''pāmvi | |wrd024=''pāmvi'' | ||
|wrd025=''nęlte | |wrd025=''nęlte'' | ||
|wrd026=''šulka'' | |wrd026=''šulka'' | ||
|wrd027='' | |wrd027=''spragnyake'' (spragny-) | ||
|wrd028='' | |wrd028=''māhārake'' (māhār-) | ||
|wrd029=''sådhake'' (sådh-) | |wrd029=''sådhake'' (sådh-) | ||
|wrd030=''ḍirake'' (ḍir-<sup>abl</sup>) | |wrd030=''ḍirake'' (ḍir-<sup>abl</sup>) | ||
|wrd031='' | |wrd031=''ūtarṇake'' (ūtarṇ-) | ||
|wrd032='' | |wrd032=''ñikake'' (ñik-) | ||
|wrd033='' | |wrd033=''chītake'' (chīt-<sup>abl</sup>) | ||
|wrd034=''šumbrake'' (šumb-<sup>abl (u→i)</sup>) | |wrd034=''šumbrake'' (šumb-<sup>abl (u→i)</sup>) | ||
|wrd035='' | |wrd035=''ṭaɂake'' (ṭaɂ-) | ||
|wrd036=''hulin'' | |wrd036=''hulin'' | ||
|wrd037=''dralkam'' | |wrd037=''dralkam'' | ||
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|wrd170=''ūnima''; ''līlta'' (especially unpaved) | |wrd170=''ūnima''; ''līlta'' (especially unpaved) | ||
|wrd171=''ñariāh'' | |wrd171=''ñariāh'' | ||
|wrd172='' | |wrd172=''ūnika'' (noun); ''ūnikake'' (ūnik-, verb) | ||
|wrd173='' | |wrd173=''mæchliė'' (noun); ''mæchlike'' (mæchlь-, verb) | ||
|wrd174=pale yellow: '' | |wrd174=pale yellow: ''yulta'' (noun); ''yultake'' (yult-, verb)<br/> golden yellow: ''chlirāma'' (noun); ''chlirāke'' (chlirā-, verb) | ||
|wrd175='' | |wrd175=''pāṇḍa'' (noun); ''pāṇḍake'' (pāṇḍ-, verb) | ||
|wrd176='' | |wrd176=''murka'' (noun); ''murkake'' (murk-, verb) | ||
|wrd177=''laliā'' | |wrd177=''laliā'' | ||
|wrd178=''pārṇam'' | |wrd178=''pārṇam'' | ||
|wrd179=''heirah'' | |wrd179=''heirah'' | ||
|wrd180=sensation: ''jāmįrah'' (noun); '' | |wrd180=sensation: ''jāmįrah'' (noun); ''jāmįrjānake'' (jān-, verb);<br/> to the touch: ''khæñcas'' (noun); ''khæñcajānake'' (jān-, verb) | ||
|wrd181=sensation: ''jålkha'' (noun); '' | |wrd181=sensation: ''jålkha'' (noun); ''jålkhajānake'' (jān-, verb);<br/> to the touch: ''ṭhūrgas'' (noun); ''ṭhūrgajānake'' (jān-, verb) | ||
|wrd182=''smurake'' (smur-) | |wrd182=''smurake'' (smur-) | ||
|wrd183='' | |wrd183=''lališake'' (lališ-) | ||
|wrd184='' | |wrd184=''g�ęṇṭake'' (gęṇṭ-) | ||
|wrd185=''miąre'' | |wrd185=''miąre'' | ||
|wrd186='' | |wrd186=''garpake'' (garp-) | ||
|wrd187='' | |wrd187=''volgrake'' (volgr-) | ||
|wrd188='' | |wrd188=''sījhake'' (sījh-) | ||
|wrd189='' | |wrd189=''svātrake'' (svātr-) | ||
|wrd190='' | |wrd190=''ñęrcake'' (ñęrc-) | ||
|wrd191='' | |wrd191=''thiḍausake'' {thiḍ-aus-) | ||
|wrd192='' | |wrd192=''kuṇḍhake'' (kuṇḍh-) | ||
|wrd193='' | |wrd193=''ninnake'' (ninn-<sup>abl</sup>) | ||
|wrd194=''tarike'' (tarь-) (participles) | |wrd194=''tarike'' (tarь-) (participles) | ||
|wrd195=''būṃṣake'' (būṃṣ-) | |wrd195=''būṃṣake'' (būṃṣ-) | ||
|wrd196='' | |wrd196=''svātārṣake'' (svātārṣ-) | ||
|wrd197='' | |wrd197=''muhike'' (muhь-) | ||
|wrd198='' | |wrd198=''durḍhāvake'' (durḍhau-) | ||
|wrd199=''jlitimas'' | |wrd199=''jlitimas'' | ||
|wrd200=''vyātimas'' | |wrd200=''vyātimas'' | ||
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|wrd204=''no'' (complete list; also between related sentences), ''lasь'' (incomplete list) ''sama'' (between sentences only) | |wrd204=''no'' (complete list; also between related sentences), ''lasь'' (incomplete list) ''sama'' (between sentences only) | ||
|wrd205=hypothetical mood | |wrd205=hypothetical mood | ||
|wrd206=''menni''; consequential secondary moods | |wrd206=''tī''; ''menni''; consequential secondary moods | ||
|wrd207=''haloe'' | |wrd207=''haloe'' | ||
}} | }} |
Revision as of 08:17, 10 October 2017
No. | English | Chlouvānem |
---|---|---|
1 | I | lili |
2 | you (singular) | sāmi (informal) — fali (formal superior) — vāti (formal equal) — ūri (formal inferior)[1] |
3 | he | tami |
4 | we | main |
5 | you (plural) | nain (informal) — yavyāta (formal, undefined groups) — yakaliyātam (formal, defined groups) |
6 | they | toman |
7 | this | nenė |
8 | that | nanā (medial: nunū) |
9 | here | ejulā |
10 | there | āñjulā (medial: uñjulā) |
11 | who | yavita? |
12 | what | yananū? |
13 | where | yajulā? |
14 | when | yamiya? |
15 | how | yalīce? |
16 | not | gu … ša |
17 | all | yaiva |
18 | many | taili |
19 | some | nūši |
20 | few | ṣūbha |
21 | other | viṣam |
22 | one | leila |
23 | two | dani |
24 | three | pāmvi |
25 | four | nęlte |
26 | five | šulka |
27 | big | spragnyake (spragny-) |
28 | long | māhārake (māhār-) |
29 | wide | sådhake (sådh-) |
30 | thick | ḍirake (ḍir-abl) |
31 | heavy | ūtarṇake (ūtarṇ-) |
32 | small | ñikake (ñik-) |
33 | short | chītake (chīt-abl) |
34 | narrow | šumbrake (šumb-abl (u→i)) |
35 | thin | ṭaɂake (ṭaɂ-) |
36 | woman | hulin |
37 | man (adult male) | dralkam |
38 | man (human being) | lila |
39 | child | samin |
40 | wife | laleichim, honorific: faitlañši |
41 | husband | rūdakis, honorific: šulañšoe |
42 | mother | meinā, honorific: nāḍima |
43 | father | bunā, honorific: tāmvāram |
44 | animal | švas |
45 | fish | jivyām |
46 | bird | gūṇa |
47 | dog | thudam |
48 | louse | ṭaḍhūh |
49 | snake | māruḍa |
50 | worm | tūlum |
51 | tree | jñūm |
52 | forest | nanai |
53 | stick | daṇḍa |
54 | fruit | hælveh |
55 | seed | dūdha |
56 | leaf | nūlia |
57 | root | louca |
58 | bark (of a tree) | ṇīṭah |
59 | flower | juniā |
60 | grass | humai |
61 | rope | teipa |
62 | skin | ṇīṭah |
63 | meat | mædhram |
64 | blood | ūvṛṣam |
65 | bone | ḍulṭhīh |
66 | fat (noun) | ḍåtvam |
67 | egg | pomai |
68 | horn | ṭåmukim |
69 | tail | laiṭa |
70 | feather | mågneh |
71 | hair | pārye (pl) |
72 | head | lāṇṭam |
73 | ear | minnūlia; literary: mindṛṣūs |
74 | eye | mešīn; literary: mešīlgis, nāhim |
75 | nose | nālkum |
76 | mouth | dehām |
77 | tooth | aṣṭras |
78 | tongue (organ) | jeltā |
79 | fingernail | kaipė; literary: damītah, parṣūs |
80 | foot | junai |
81 | leg | pājya; literary: peithṛṣūs |
82 | knee | dækṣuh |
83 | hand | dhāna |
84 | wing | bhugrā |
85 | belly | pilėnas |
86 | guts | kāraṇḍhai (pl) |
87 | neck | avṛcah |
88 | back | joraṇa |
89 | breast | maula |
90 | heart | taugikā; togīn |
91 | liver | ṭarkas |
92 | to drink | mulke (mul-abl) |
93 | to eat | yųlake (yųl-abl) |
94 | to bite | švinake (švin-abl) |
95 | to suck | mukke (mukk-abl) |
96 | to spit | ette (et-) |
97 | to vomit | gåtnake (gåtn-) |
98 | to blow | ghūmake (ghūm-abl) |
99 | to breathe | dīvake (dīv-abl) |
100 | to laugh | huppake (hupp-abl) |
101 | to see | mišake (miš-abl) |
102 | to hear | milge (mind-) |
103 | to know | tṛlake (tṛl-abl) |
104 | to think | nilyake (nily-abl) |
105 | to smell | ṣurgake (ṣurg-abl (u→i)) |
106 | to fear | tvorgake (tvorg-) |
107 | to sleep | pugle (pugl-abl) |
108 | to live | lilke (lil-ah; abl) |
109 | to die | ḍūkke (ḍuk-ah; abl) |
110 | to kill | kaudṛke (kau-dṛ-abl) or causative forms of ḍūkke (ḍuk-ah; abl) |
111 | to fight | humfake (humf-abl (u→i)) |
112 | to hunt | pumnake (pumn-abl) |
113 | to hit | tulge (tug-abl) |
114 | to cut | guṃsake (guṃs-abl) |
115 | to split | cæšake (cæš-) |
116 | to stab | ikhlake (ikhl-abl) |
117 | to scratch | prubake (prub-abl+) |
118 | to dig | fleikke (fleik-) |
119 | to swim | monodir.: lįke (lih-abl; irr[2]); multidir.: lærṣake (lærṣ-) |
120 | to fly | monodir.: mugdhe (mudh-abl); multidir.: mordhake (mordh-) |
121 | to walk | monodir.: flulke (flun-abl; irr[3]); multidir.: peithake (peith-irr[4]) |
122 | to come | mū(g)- prefix before any motion verb (e.g. mūflulke, mūpeithake, mūglįke, mūglærṣake…) |
123 | to lie (as in a bed) | tokte (ta-ut-abl; irr); root -ut- plus any positional prefix. |
124 | to sit | tamirte (ta-mirt-irr); root -mirt- plus any positional prefix. |
125 | to stand | tatiāke (ta-tiā-irr); root -tiā- plus any positional prefix. |
126 | to turn (intransitive) | aphake (aph-irr); exterior forms are transitive, interior ones intransitive. |
127 | to fall | heṣṭvake (heṣṭv-) |
128 | to give | męlike (męlь-) |
129 | to hold | nænike (nænь-) |
130 | to squeeze | bæmnake (bæmn-) |
131 | to rub | lišvake (lišv-abl) |
132 | to wash | mutake (mut-abl (u→i)) |
133 | to wipe | boglišvake (bog-lišv-abl) |
134 | to pull | monodir.: khulike (khulь-abl); multidir.: kharliake (kharlь-) |
135 | to push | norake (nor-) |
136 | to throw | kunake (kun-abl) |
137 | to tie | chladyake (chlady-) |
138 | to sew | farṣṭake (farṣṭ-) |
139 | to count | niañake (niañ-) |
140 | to say | kulke (kul-abl (u→i)) |
141 | to sing | lijake (lij-abl) |
142 | to play | fulde (fuld-abl)[5] |
143 | to float | in the air: monodir.: yaṃške (yaṃš-inv abl); multidir.: īraške (īraš-); on water: monodir.: uṭake (uṭ-abl); multidir.: arṭake (arṭ-) |
144 | to flow | buñjñake (buñjñ-abl) |
145 | to freeze | tæñailūrake (tæ-ñailū:ra-) |
146 | to swell | lkurtake (lkurt-abl) |
147 | sun | hånna |
148 | moon | huliā |
149 | star | ñaiṭa |
150 | water | maila |
151 | rain | daša |
152 | river | maita |
153 | lake | gėrisa |
154 | sea | jariā |
155 | salt | nanūkah |
156 | stone | tāmira |
157 | sand | chlebam |
158 | dust | paʔeh |
159 | earth | bhælā |
160 | cloud | vælvah |
161 | fog | yāmyah |
162 | sky | lairė |
163 | wind | prātas |
164 | snow | kaiṭas |
165 | ice | ñailūh |
166 | smoke | raikas |
167 | fire | javyāh (good); kūrokas (bad) |
168 | ash | måris (singular only) |
169 | to burn | jervyaike (jervyai-) |
170 | road | ūnima; līlta (especially unpaved) |
171 | mountain | ñariāh |
172 | red | ūnika (noun); ūnikake (ūnik-, verb) |
173 | green | mæchliė (noun); mæchlike (mæchlь-, verb) |
174 | yellow | pale yellow: yulta (noun); yultake (yult-, verb) golden yellow: chlirāma (noun); chlirāke (chlirā-, verb) |
175 | white | pāṇḍa (noun); pāṇḍake (pāṇḍ-, verb) |
176 | black | murka (noun); murkake (murk-, verb) |
177 | night | laliā |
178 | day | pārṇam |
179 | year | heirah |
180 | warm | sensation: jāmįrah (noun); jāmįrjānake (jān-, verb); to the touch: khæñcas (noun); khæñcajānake (jān-, verb) |
181 | cold | sensation: jålkha (noun); jålkhajānake (jān-, verb); to the touch: ṭhūrgas (noun); ṭhūrgajānake (jān-, verb) |
182 | full | smurake (smur-) |
183 | new | lališake (lališ-) |
184 | old | g�ęṇṭake (gęṇṭ-) |
185 | good | miąre |
186 | bad | garpake (garp-) |
187 | rotten | volgrake (volgr-) |
188 | dirty | sījhake (sījh-) |
189 | straight | svātrake (svātr-) |
190 | round | ñęrcake (ñęrc-) |
191 | sharp (as a knife) | thiḍausake {thiḍ-aus-) |
192 | dull (as a knife) | kuṇḍhake (kuṇḍh-) |
193 | smooth | ninnake (ninn-abl) |
194 | wet | tarike (tarь-) (participles) |
195 | dry | būṃṣake (būṃṣ-) |
196 | correct | svātārṣake (svātārṣ-) |
197 | near | muhike (muhь-) |
198 | far | durḍhāvake (durḍhau-) |
199 | right | jlitimas |
200 | left | vyātimas |
201 | at | ta-, mū(g)-, šr- (verbal prefixes) |
202 | in | plain locative case; na(ñ)-, glь- (verbal prefixes) |
203 | with | lapi (+ essive) (comitative); instrumental case (instrumental) |
204 | and | no (complete list; also between related sentences), lasь (incomplete list) sama (between sentences only) |
205 | if | hypothetical mood |
206 | because | tī; menni; consequential secondary moods |
207 | name | haloe |
Notes
- ^ Given names with the appropriate titles are often used instead of these pronouns.
- ^ Behaves as lis- before consonants.
- ^ Suppletive; irregular present tense.
- ^ Suppletive.
- ^ "To play" for musical instruments is translated differently depending on the instrument: tulge for percussions, ghūmake for aerophones, prṣake for stringed instruments not played with a bow and keyboards, and lišvake for stringed instruments played with a bow. "To play a melody" is sumorake.