Voþken: Difference between revisions
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===Modal Particles=== | |||
===Mood Particles=== | |||
===Negation=== | ===Negation=== | ||
Negation of verbs in Voþken is done by using the negative particle ''þwi''. This particle precedes the verb to be negated. | Negation of verbs in Voþken is done by using the negative particle ''þwi''. This particle precedes the verb to be negated. | ||
==Adjectives== | |||
==Adverbs== | |||
==Adpositions== | |||
=Numbers= | =Numbers= | ||
Revision as of 15:18, 29 October 2017
| Voþken | |
|---|---|
| Voþken | |
| Pronunciation | [[Help:IPA|ˈvɔθ.kɛn]] |
| Created by | iancgil |
| |
Introduction
Phonology
Consonants
| Bilabial | Labiodental | Dental | Alveolar | Post Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | voiceless | p /p/ | t /t/ | k /k/ | ||||
| voiced | b /b/ | d /d/ | g /g/ | |||||
| Nasal | m /m/ | n /n/ | ||||||
| Fricative | voiceless | f /f/ | þ /θ/ | s /s/ | c /ʃ/ | h /x/ | ||
| voiced | v /v/ | ð /ð/ | s [z]* | |||||
| Approximant | r /ɹ/ | y /j/ | ||||||
| Lateral Approximant | l /l/ | |||||||
*allophone
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | Diphthongs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i /i/ | u /u/ | ||
| Near-Close | i/y /ɪ/ | o /ʊ/ | ||
| Close-Mid | ei/ey /ej/ | |||
| Mid | e [ə]* | |||
| Open-Mid | e /ɛ/ | oi/oy /ɔɪ/ | ||
| Near-Open | a [æ]* | |||
| Open | a /a/ | ai/ay /aj/ |
*allophone
Grammar
Word Order
OVS, V2
Morphosyntactic Alignment
Ergative-Absolutive
Morphology
Analytic with a touch of Oligosynthetic. Lots of particles and adpositions used for aspect, mood, mode, and cases but verbs conjugate for tense (mostly) and nouns decline for a few basic cases.
Nouns
| Absolutive | Ergative | Genitive | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural |
| goþ | goþwa | goþest | goþwest | goþyr | goþwyr |
| stur | sturwa | sturest | sturwest | sturyr | sturwyr |
| vent | ventwa | ventest | ventwest | ventyr | ventwyr |
| vekna | veknaw | veknast | veknawst | veknayr | veknawyr |
| sure | surew | surest | surewst | sureyr | surewyr |
Pronouns
| Absolutive | Ergative | Genitive | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| First Person | on | onne | onest | onnest | onyr | onneyr |
| Second Person | uð | uððe | uðest | uððest | uðyr | uððeyr |
| Third Person | ta | itta | test | ittest | tayr | ittayr |
| Zeroth Person | suþ | suþþe | suþest | suþþest | suþyr | suþþeyr |
Verbs
| -ag | -ig | -og | -eg | ayg | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| eþag - to sleep | venig - to have | hadog - to want | waneg - to do | ayg - to be | ||||||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Present | eþ | eþwa | ven | venwi | had | hadwo | wan | wanwe | ay | aywi |
| Perfect | eþat | eþact | venit | venict | hadot | hadoct | wanet | wanect | ayt | ayct |
| Imperfect | ay eþat | ay eþact | ay venit | ay venict | ay hadot | ay hadoct | ay wanet | ay wanect | ay ayt | ay ayct |
| Pluperfect | ayt eþat | ayct eþact | ayt venit | ayct venict | ayt hadot | ayct hadoct | ayt wanet | ayct wanect | ayt ayt | ayct ayct |
| Future | eþwað | eþwaðy | venwið | venwiðy | hadoð | hadoðy | waneð | waneðy | ayð | ayðy |
Modal Particles
Mood Particles
Negation
Negation of verbs in Voþken is done by using the negative particle þwi. This particle precedes the verb to be negated.
Adjectives
Adverbs
Adpositions
Numbers
The number system of Voþken is a base 12 system that reaches up to 12^5 before numbers are just the recitation of digits.
| Digit | Powers of 12 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12^0 | 12^1 | 12^2 | 12^3 | 12^4 | 12^5 | |
| 1 | gad | gadur | gadara | gadora | gadira | gadurþa |
| 2 | þes | þesur | þesara | þesora | þesira | þesurþa |
| 3 | an | anur | anara | anora | anira | anurþa |
| 4 | syk | sykur | sykara | sykora | sykira | sykurþa |
| 5 | wyk | wykur | wykara | wykora | wykira | wykurþa |
| 6 | vað | vaður | vaðara | vaðora | vaðira | vaðarþa |
| 7 | nesk | neskur | neskara | neskora | neskira | neskurþa |
| 8 | com | comur | comara | comora | comira | comurþa |
| 9 | pwa | pwar | pwara | pwaora | pwaira | pwarþa |
| 10 | syen | syenur | syenara | syenora | syenira | syenurþa |
| 11 | fwoyl | fwoylur | fwoylara | fwoylora | fwoylira | fwoylurþa |