Chlouvānem/Morphology: Difference between revisions

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The thematic and athematic distinction is the easiest: '''thematic verbs''' add an ''-a-'' (''-e-'' in the 3SG past) between its root and every consonantic termination; '''athematic verbs''' don't. All verbs with vowel-ending roots are athematic.

Root vowel changes are, however, more complex, and up to eleven verb classes may be distinguished depending on how the various stems are formed. The first two classes comprise ~~more than~~ 90% of all verbs:

Root vowel changes are, however, more complex, and up to eleven verb classes may be distinguished depending on how the various stems are formed. The first two classes comprise about 90% of all (primary) verbs:

# The verbs of the first class do not change its vowel in any form. About 45% of verbs belong to this class, including all those whose root vowel is any of '''ā, ą, e, ė, ę, ou, oe, ea, ai, ąi, au, ąu''', as well as most verbs with root vowel '''a, æ, å, o, ei''', or '''ęi'''. An example is ''męlike'' (athematic) "to give": pres. ''męliė'', past ''męliek'', perfect ''emęlia''.

# Also called the '''basic ablauting class''', these verbs have the most basic ablaut alteration: in their present exterior forms and in the singular present interior ones, '''i ī''' become '''e''' (''mišake'' "to see": ''mešė — mišek — imiša''), '''u ū''' usually become '''o''' (''dhūlte'' "to write": ''dholtė, dhūltek, udhūlta''), but '''i''' in a few verbs (''kulke'' "to say": ''kilė — kulek — ukula''), and '''ṛ ṝ''' become '''ar''' (''dṛke'' "to do": ''darė — dṛk — (irr.) dadrā'')

@@ Line 245: / Line 245: @@
 The thematic and athematic distinction is the easiest: '''thematic verbs''' add an ''-a-'' (''-e-'' in the 3SG past) between its root and every consonantic termination; '''athematic verbs''' don't. All verbs with vowel-ending roots are athematic.
-Root vowel changes are, however, more complex, and up to eleven verb classes may be distinguished depending on how the various stems are formed. The first two classes comprise more than 90% of all verbs:
+Root vowel changes are, however, more complex, and up to eleven verb classes may be distinguished depending on how the various stems are formed. The first two classes comprise about 90% of all (primary) verbs:
 # The verbs of the first class do not change its vowel in any form. About 45% of verbs belong to this class, including all those whose root vowel is any of '''ā, ą, e, ė, ę, ou, oe, ea, ai, ąi, au, ąu''', as well as most verbs with root vowel '''a, æ, å, o, ei''', or '''ęi'''. An example is ''męlike'' (athematic) "to give": pres. ''męliė'', past ''męliek'', perfect ''emęlia''.
 # Also called the '''basic ablauting class''', these verbs have the most basic ablaut alteration: in their present exterior forms and in the singular present interior ones, '''i ī''' become '''e''' (''mišake'' "to see": ''mešė — mišek — imiša''), '''u ū''' usually become '''o''' (''dhūlte'' "to write": ''dholtė, dhūltek, udhūlta''), but '''i''' in a few verbs (''kulke'' "to say": ''kilė — kulek — ukula''), and '''ṛ ṝ''' become '''ar''' (''dṛke'' "to do": ''darė — dṛk — (irr.) dadrā'')