Chlouvānem/Morphology: Difference between revisions

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Chlouvānem uses many analytic constructions - including auxiliary and compound verbs - in order to convey some shades of meaning. Most of these use either a participle or the infinitive as the form of the lexical verb:

* ''perfective subjunctive'' in the needed voice + ''lā'' (with) + ''gyake'' in the past or future tense: compound construction used for pluperfect and future perfect. It is not wrong to use it with a present tense, but the meaning does not change from the bare perfect.<br/> Note that, for the pluperfect, the bare perfect is often used instead, both in literature as in common speech.

** ''yųlevitaṃte lā ~~mos~~'' "I had eaten"

** ''yųlevitaṃte lā ėk'' "I had eaten"

** ''yųlevitaṃte lā ~~mavū~~'' "I will have eaten"

** ''yųlevitaṃte lā jalṣyam'' "I will have eaten"

* ''imperfective subjunctive'' in the needed voice + ''lā'' (with) + ''gyake'' in the needed tense: compound construction used for the progressive aspect in the three tenses (present, past, future). In the present, the form of ''gyake'' is omitted for the third person, or for all persons if a pronoun is present.

** ''yųlatiaṃte lā ~~valu~~'' "I am eating"

** ''yųlatiaṃte lā ū'' "I am eating"

** ''yųlatiaṃte lā ~~mos~~'' "I was eating"

** ''yųlatiaṃte lā ėk'' "I was eating"

** ''yųlatiaṃte lā ~~mavū~~'' "I will be eating"

** ''yųlatiaṃte lā jalṣyam'' "I will be eating"

* ''infinitive'' + ''~~ñeaʔake~~'' (to be used to): compound construction used for a habitual action in present, past, or future tense. It is not used with motion verbs in the present, as the multidirectional verb already unambiguously has this meaning.

* ''infinitive'' + ''ñǣɂake'' (to be used to): compound construction used for a habitual action in present, past, or future tense. It is not used with motion verbs in the present, as the multidirectional verb already unambiguously has this meaning.

** ''yaive prājamne ~~yahikeñeaʔute~~'' "I am used to read every evening"

** ''yaive prājamne yahikeñǣɂute'' "I am used to read every evening"

** ''yaive prājamne ~~yahikeñeaʔaṃte~~'' "I used to read every evening"

** ''yaive prājamne yahikeñǣɂaṃte'' "I used to read every evening"

** ''yaive prājamne ~~yahikeñeaʔiṣyaṃte~~'' "I will be used to read every evening"

** ''yaive prājamne yahikeñǣɂiṣyaṃte'' "I will be used to read every evening"

* ''infinitive'' + ''nartaflulke'' (to reach): to come to X, to end up X-ing, to result in X-ing

** ''yųlakenartatefliven'' "(s)he ended up eating"

** ''~~lañšijildenartaflunirean~~'' "they ended up marrying each other"

** ''lañšijildenartaflunirena'' "they ended up marrying each other"

* ''infinitive'' (or more formally ''perfective subjunctive'') + ''kitte'' (to put): to keep X-ed:

** ''valdekitė'' / ''uvaldevite kitė'' "it is kept opened"

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 Chlouvānem uses many analytic constructions - including auxiliary and compound verbs - in order to convey some shades of meaning. Most of these use either a participle or the infinitive as the form of the lexical verb:
 * ''perfective subjunctive'' in the needed voice + ''lā'' (with) + ''gyake'' in the past or future tense: compound construction used for pluperfect and future perfect. It is not wrong to use it with a present tense, but the meaning does not change from the bare perfect.<br/> Note that, for the pluperfect, the bare perfect is often used instead, both in literature as in common speech.
-** ''yųlevitaṃte lā mos'' "I had eaten"
+** ''yųlevitaṃte lā ėk'' "I had eaten"
-** ''yųlevitaṃte lā mavū'' "I will have eaten"
+** ''yųlevitaṃte lā jalṣyam'' "I will have eaten"
 * ''imperfective subjunctive'' in the needed voice + ''lā'' (with) + ''gyake'' in the needed tense: compound construction used for the progressive aspect in the three tenses (present, past, future). In the present, the form of ''gyake'' is omitted for the third person, or for all persons if a pronoun is present.
-** ''yųlatiaṃte lā valu'' "I am eating"
+** ''yųlatiaṃte lā ū'' "I am eating"
-** ''yųlatiaṃte lā mos'' "I was eating"
+** ''yųlatiaṃte lā ėk'' "I was eating"
-** ''yųlatiaṃte lā mavū'' "I will be eating"
+** ''yųlatiaṃte lā jalṣyam'' "I will be eating"
-* ''infinitive'' + ''ñeaʔake'' (to be used to): compound construction used for a habitual action in present, past, or future tense. It is not used with motion verbs in the present, as the multidirectional verb already unambiguously has this meaning.
+* ''infinitive'' + ''ñǣɂake'' (to be used to): compound construction used for a habitual action in present, past, or future tense. It is not used with motion verbs in the present, as the multidirectional verb already unambiguously has this meaning.
-** ''yaive prājamne yahikeñeaʔute'' "I am used to read every evening"
+** ''yaive prājamne yahikeñǣɂute'' "I am used to read every evening"
-** ''yaive prājamne yahikeñeaʔaṃte'' "I used to read every evening"
+** ''yaive prājamne yahikeñǣɂaṃte'' "I used to read every evening"
-** ''yaive prājamne yahikeñeaʔiṣyaṃte'' "I will be used to read every evening"
+** ''yaive prājamne yahikeñǣɂiṣyaṃte'' "I will be used to read every evening"
 * ''infinitive'' + ''nartaflulke'' (to reach): to come to X, to end up X-ing, to result in X-ing
 ** ''yųlakenartatefliven'' "(s)he ended up eating"
-** ''lañšijildenartaflunirean'' "they ended up marrying each other"
+** ''lañšijildenartaflunirena'' "they ended up marrying each other"
 * ''infinitive'' (or more formally ''perfective subjunctive'') + ''kitte'' (to put): to keep X-ed:
 ** ''valdekitė'' / ''uvaldevite kitė'' "it is kept opened"