Qino: Difference between revisions
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'''Stative passive:''' | '''Stative passive:''' | ||
*The stative passive is as its name indicates. To use it as a passive participle, the ending ''-ii'' is added. The corresponding inchoative/inceptive is the ''-am-'' passive. | *The stative passive is as its name indicates. To use it as a passive participle, the ending ''-ii'' is added. The corresponding inchoative/inceptive is the ''-am-'' passive. | ||
*For intransitive stative class 1 verbs, the ''-am-'' passive and passive participle have an active meaning - e.g. ''kusli'' "to be fat" → ''kuslanaan'' "to be fat", ''kuslami'' "to become fat". | *For intransitive stative class 1 verbs, the ''-am-'' passive and passive participle have an active meaning - e.g. ''kusli'' "to be fat" → ''kuslanaan'' "to be fat", ''kuslami'' "to become fat". | ||
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:Using the passive forms rather than active often imply an unwillingness. | :Using the passive forms rather than active often imply an unwillingness. | ||
::e.g. Using the root ''jhiifi'' "to be elongated; to be lying down": | ::e.g. Using the root ''jhiifi'' "to be elongated; to be lying down": | ||
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:::'''Passive causative''': ''jhiifsamé'' = "he was laid down (similar in meaning to the above, but slightly different shade of meaning)" | :::'''Passive causative''': ''jhiifsamé'' = "he was laid down (similar in meaning to the above, but slightly different shade of meaning)" | ||
:::'''Stative passive''': ''jhiifane'' = "he is lying down (not by his own will)" | :::'''Stative passive''': ''jhiifane'' = "he is lying down (not by his own will)" | ||
:::''Stative passive causative''': ''jhiifsane'' = "he is laid down (similar in meaning to the above, but slightly different shade of meaning)" | :::'''Stative passive causative''': ''jhiifsane'' = "he is laid down (similar in meaning to the above, but slightly different shade of meaning)" | ||
:::'''Middle/reflexive''': ''jhiifaté'' = "he lay down (by his own will)" | :::'''Middle/reflexive''': ''jhiifaté'' = "he lay down (by his own will)" | ||
:::'''Reflexive causative''': ''jhiifsaté'' = "he laid himself down (similar in meaning to the above, but slightly different shade of meaning)" | :::'''Reflexive causative''': ''jhiifsaté'' = "he laid himself down (similar in meaning to the above, but slightly different shade of meaning)" | ||
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'''Verbal noun:''' | '''Verbal noun:''' | ||