Qino: Difference between revisions

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The imperfect converb is used for an action/state that was occurring when another verb occurred, similarly to the present participle in English. It is formed with the suffix ''-aa'' for classes 1 & 2 and ''-ii'' for class 3.

:e.g. ''Yardaa ka mana galé.'' "'''Running''', he entered the house."

::''Ka mana ~~galtaa~~ kitaaba ka sheentá.'' "'''Entering''' the house, she gives him a book."

::''Ka mana galchaa kitaaba ka sheentá.'' "'''Entering''' the house, she gives him a book."

::''Furanii dhalatté.'' "She was born '''free'''."

The perfect converb is used for an actions that occur subsequently to each other. It is formed with the suffix ''-ee'' for classes 1 & 2 and ''-iishii'' for class 3.

:e.g. ''Yardee ka mana galé.'' "'''Having run''', he entered the house." (or "He '''ran''' and entered the house.")

::''Ka mana ~~galtee~~ kitaaba ka sheentá.'' "'''Having entered''' the house, she gives him a book."

::''Ka mana galchee kitaaba ka sheentá.'' "'''Having entered''' the house, she gives him a book."

::''Furaniishii ~~xidhanté~~.'' "'''Having been free''', she was imprisoned."

::''Furaniishii xidhamté.'' "'''Having been free''', she was imprisoned."

In many cases, interchanging the two forms does not greatly affect the meaning. This can be seen with the "running" examples above. Converbs can also sometimes be interchanged with a conjunction, in which case the converb implies a closer association between the verbs.

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 The imperfect converb is used for an action/state that was occurring when another verb occurred, similarly to the present participle in English. It is formed with the suffix ''-aa'' for classes 1 & 2 and ''-ii'' for class 3.
 :e.g. ''<b>Yardaa</b> ka mana galé.'' "'''Running''', he entered the house."
-::''Ka mana <b>galtaa</b> kitaaba ka sheentá.'' "'''Entering''' the house, she gives him a book."
+::''Ka mana <b>galchaa</b> kitaaba ka sheentá.'' "'''Entering''' the house, she gives him a book."
 ::''<b>Furanii</b> dhalatté.'' "She was born '''free'''."
 The perfect converb is used for an actions that occur subsequently to each other. It is formed with the suffix ''-ee'' for classes 1 & 2 and ''-iishii'' for class 3.
 :e.g. ''<b>Yardee</b> ka mana galé.'' "'''Having run''', he entered the house." (or "He '''ran''' and entered the house.")
-::''Ka mana <b>galtee</b> kitaaba ka sheentá.'' "'''Having entered''' the house, she gives him a book."
+::''Ka mana <b>galchee</b> kitaaba ka sheentá.'' "'''Having entered''' the house, she gives him a book."
-::''<b>Furaniishii</b> xidhanté.'' "'''Having been free''', she was imprisoned."
+::''<b>Furaniishii</b> xidhamté.'' "'''Having been free''', she was imprisoned."
 In many cases, interchanging the two forms does not greatly affect the meaning. This can be seen with the "running" examples above. Converbs can also sometimes be interchanged with a conjunction, in which case the converb implies a closer association between the verbs.