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===M-nouns - Mamą lā halenī=== | ===M-nouns - Mamą lā halenī=== | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! Direct | ! Direct | ||
| '''yujam''' <small>''"lotus"''</small> || | | '''yujam''' <small>''"lotus"''</small> || rowspan=2 | yujivā || rowspan=2 | yujās || '''tūlum''' <small>''"worm"''</small> || rowspan=2 | tūlvivā || rowspan=2 | tūlūs || '''jāyim''' <small>''"girl"''</small> || rowspan=2 | jāyīvā || rowspan=2 | jāyīs || rowspan=2 | '''lunai''' <small>''"tea"''</small> || rowspan=2 | lunaiva || rowspan=2 | lunāye | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Vocative | ! Vocative | ||
| yujam || | | yujam || tūlve || jāyī | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Accusative | ! Accusative | ||
| yujamu || | | yujamu || yujmes || yujmaih || tūlumu || tūlves || tūluyih || jāyimu || jājñes<sup>1</sup> || jāyīh || lunāyu || lunāyes || lunāyaih | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Ergative | ! Ergative | ||
| | | yujmæ || yujmian || yujamūn || tūluga || tūlvyan || tūlumūn || jājña<sup>1</sup> || jāyiyan || jāyimūn || lunǣ || lunāyēn || lunāyūn | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Genitive | ! Genitive | ||
| yujami || | | yujami || yujmeva || yujaṃrān || tūlumi || tūlveva || tūluṃrān || jāyimi || jājñeva<sup>1</sup> || jāyiṃran || lunāyi || lunaiva || lunāyān | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Translative | ! Translative | ||
| yujaman || | | yujaman || yujmį || yujmēt || tūluman || tūlvį || tūlūt || jāyiman || jāyį || jāyīt || lunain || lunāyį || lunāyēt | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Exessive | ! Exessive | ||
| yujamat || | | yujamat || yujabhan || yujamān || tūlumat || tūlubhan || tūlumān || jāyimat || jāyibhan || jāyimān || lunait || lunaibhan || lunaimān | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Essive | ! Essive | ||
| | | yujmą || yujmenne || yujmēm || tūlų || tūlunne || tūlugēm || jāyį || jāyinne || jājñēm<sup>1</sup> || lunąis || lunainne || lunaigem | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Dative | ! Dative | ||
| yujamom || | | yujamom || yujmį || yujaṃsām || tūlumom || tūlvį || tūluṃsām || jāyimom || jāyį || jāyiṃsām || lunāmom || lunāyį || lunaisām | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Ablative | ! Ablative | ||
| yujamų || | | yujamų || yujabhan || yujmenīs || tūlumų || tūlubhan || tūlvenīs || jāyimų || jāyibhan || jājñenīs<sup>1</sup> || lunāyų || lunaibhan || lunǣnīs | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Locative | ! Locative | ||
| yujaṃrye || | | yujaṃrye || yujmenne || yujmilīm || tūluṃrye || tūlunne || tūlulīm || jāyiṃrye || jāyinne || jāyilīm || lunāye || lunainne || lunailīm | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Instrumental | ! Instrumental | ||
| | | yujamap || yujabhan || yujaṃrīka || tūlumap || tūlubhan || tūluṃrīka || jāyimap || jāyibhan || jāyiṃrīka || lunaip || lunaibhan || lunainīka | ||
|} | |} | ||
Table notes: | |||
# Such forms with ''-jñ-'' are underlyingly ''-y-y-'' (e.g. ''jāy-y-es'' → ''jājñes''). | |||
Note that all nouns with '''-n''' have their direct and vocative plural forms ''identical'' to the singular ones - all other inflections (including the dual) are the same as the other nouns. Thus e.g. '''samin''' may be either ''child'' or ''children'', and it is usually the verb that marks the number - compare ''samin mālchē'' "the kid runs" and ''samin mālchīran'' "the kids run". They are de facto undistinguishable out of context in forms where singular and plural have the same verb form, e.g. in the perfect - ''samin amālcha'' can mean either "the kid has run" or "the kids have run" depending on context.<br/>These unmarked plurals are regular - note that ''hulin'' (woman) has both a regular plural (''hulin''), used in a wider scope (e.g. ''chlǣvānumi hulin'' "Chlouvānem women") and an irregular plural (''hilāni'') used in other contexts (e.g. ''nanā hilāni'' "those women there"). | Note that all nouns with '''-n''' have their direct and vocative plural forms ''identical'' to the singular ones - all other inflections (including the dual) are the same as the other nouns. Thus e.g. '''samin''' may be either ''child'' or ''children'', and it is usually the verb that marks the number - compare ''samin mālchē'' "the kid runs" and ''samin mālchīran'' "the kids run". They are de facto undistinguishable out of context in forms where singular and plural have the same verb form, e.g. in the perfect - ''samin amālcha'' can mean either "the kid has run" or "the kids have run" depending on context.<br/>These unmarked plurals are regular - note that ''hulin'' (woman) has both a regular plural (''hulin''), used in a wider scope (e.g. ''chlǣvānumi hulin'' "Chlouvānem women") and an irregular plural (''hilāni'') used in other contexts (e.g. ''nanā hilāni'' "those women there"). |
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