Kämpya: Difference between revisions

17 bytes added ,  31 August 2016
Line 1,194: Line 1,194:
===Necessitative Mood===
===Necessitative Mood===


This is used to indicate that something ought to / is required to happen. It is indicated using the proclitic /let/ (from English "let's) e.g.  
This is used to indicate that something ought to / is required to happen. It is indicated using the proclitic /ga/, or /gat/ before a vowel (from English "gotta") e.g.  




/ái=lét=déˈpʰáʔɾ/
/ái==déˈpʰáʔɾ/


1PS.EXCL=NEC=depart
1PS.EXCL=NEC=depart
Line 1,207: Line 1,207:




/wéi=lét=déˈpʰáʔɾ/
/wéi==déˈpʰáʔɾ/


1PS.INCL=NEC=depart
1PS.INCL=NEC=depart
Line 1,217: Line 1,217:




/jéi=lét=déˈpʰáʔɾ/
/jéi==déˈpʰáʔɾ/


2PS=NEC=depart
2PS=NEC=depart
Line 1,224: Line 1,224:




Like other mood particles, /let/ does not need to attach to a verb. It can attach to other parts of speech depending on the focus of the speaker e.g.
Like other mood particles, /ga/ does not need to attach to a verb. It can attach to other parts of speech depending on the focus of the speaker e.g.




/jéi=déˈpʰáʔɾ lèt=ˈzwéʔp/
/jéi=déˈpʰáʔɾ =ˈzwéʔp/


2PS=depart NEC=fast
2PS=depart NEC=fast
Line 1,238: Line 1,238:
Kämpya has a special pattern to say that something is forbidden. This is to use the necessitative mood, and also change the verb from Tone Class 1 (the normal class for verbs) to Tone Class 2 (for infinitives). It is then followed by the verb /nâ̰/ e.g.
Kämpya has a special pattern to say that something is forbidden. This is to use the necessitative mood, and also change the verb from Tone Class 1 (the normal class for verbs) to Tone Class 2 (for infinitives). It is then followed by the verb /nâ̰/ e.g.


/jéi=lét=áˈlàṵn nâ̰/
/jéi=gát=áˈlàṵn nâ̰/


2PS.INTR=NEC=alone.INF PROH
2PS.INTR=NEC=alone.INF PROH
Line 1,247: Line 1,247:
This pattern can also be used for transitive verbs
This pattern can also be used for transitive verbs


/jô̰ lét=bìʔ nâ̰ dô̰k/
/jô̰ =bìʔ nâ̰ dô̰k/


2PS.ERG NEC=bite.INF PROH dog
2PS.ERG NEC=bite.INF PROH dog
Line 1,256: Line 1,256:
It is also perfectly possible to front the argument of /nâ̰/ e.g.
It is also perfectly possible to front the argument of /nâ̰/ e.g.


/dô̰k jô̰ lét=bìʔ nâ̰/
/dô̰k jô̰ =bìʔ nâ̰/


dog 2PS.ERG NEC=bite.INF PROH
dog 2PS.ERG NEC=bite.INF PROH
Line 1,265: Line 1,265:
Other nouns can be used apart from the 2nd person pronouns e.g.
Other nouns can be used apart from the 2nd person pronouns e.g.


/ˈsʰíʔtà=zù lét=bìʔ nâ̰ dô̰k/
/ˈsʰíʔtà=zù =bìʔ nâ̰ dô̰k/


guardian=ERG NEC=bite.INF PROH dog
guardian=ERG NEC=bite.INF PROH dog