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Kämpya: Difference between revisions
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→Necessitative Mood
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===Necessitative Mood=== | ===Necessitative Mood=== | ||
This is used to indicate that something ought to / is required to happen. It is indicated using the proclitic / | This is used to indicate that something ought to / is required to happen. It is indicated using the proclitic /ga/, or /gat/ before a vowel (from English "gotta") e.g. | ||
/ái= | /ái=gá=déˈpʰáʔɾ/ | ||
1PS.EXCL=NEC=depart | 1PS.EXCL=NEC=depart | ||
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/wéi= | /wéi=gá=déˈpʰáʔɾ/ | ||
1PS.INCL=NEC=depart | 1PS.INCL=NEC=depart | ||
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/jéi= | /jéi=gá=déˈpʰáʔɾ/ | ||
2PS=NEC=depart | 2PS=NEC=depart | ||
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Like other mood particles, / | Like other mood particles, /ga/ does not need to attach to a verb. It can attach to other parts of speech depending on the focus of the speaker e.g. | ||
/jéi=déˈpʰáʔɾ | /jéi=déˈpʰáʔɾ gà=ˈzwéʔp/ | ||
2PS=depart NEC=fast | 2PS=depart NEC=fast | ||
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Kämpya has a special pattern to say that something is forbidden. This is to use the necessitative mood, and also change the verb from Tone Class 1 (the normal class for verbs) to Tone Class 2 (for infinitives). It is then followed by the verb /nâ̰/ e.g. | Kämpya has a special pattern to say that something is forbidden. This is to use the necessitative mood, and also change the verb from Tone Class 1 (the normal class for verbs) to Tone Class 2 (for infinitives). It is then followed by the verb /nâ̰/ e.g. | ||
/jéi= | /jéi=gát=áˈlàṵn nâ̰/ | ||
2PS.INTR=NEC=alone.INF PROH | 2PS.INTR=NEC=alone.INF PROH | ||
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This pattern can also be used for transitive verbs | This pattern can also be used for transitive verbs | ||
/jô̰ | /jô̰ gá=bìʔ nâ̰ dô̰k/ | ||
2PS.ERG NEC=bite.INF PROH dog | 2PS.ERG NEC=bite.INF PROH dog | ||
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It is also perfectly possible to front the argument of /nâ̰/ e.g. | It is also perfectly possible to front the argument of /nâ̰/ e.g. | ||
/dô̰k jô̰ | /dô̰k jô̰ gá=bìʔ nâ̰/ | ||
dog 2PS.ERG NEC=bite.INF PROH | dog 2PS.ERG NEC=bite.INF PROH | ||
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Other nouns can be used apart from the 2nd person pronouns e.g. | Other nouns can be used apart from the 2nd person pronouns e.g. | ||
/ˈsʰíʔtà=zù | /ˈsʰíʔtà=zù gá=bìʔ nâ̰ dô̰k/ | ||
guardian=ERG NEC=bite.INF PROH dog | guardian=ERG NEC=bite.INF PROH dog | ||