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Chlouvānem/Morphology: Difference between revisions
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'''yavyāta''' (though often replaced by ''nani'') and '''yakaliyātam''' are used as formal second person plural pronouns; they are however nouns and decline as such (as singular 1-h and 1-m declension respectively, but they take plural verbs and adjectives). Various other nouns may be used as second- or third-person pronouns depending on the situation; see [[Chlouvānem/Morphology#Honorifics|the following section on honorifics]] for a list of them and their usage. | '''yavyāta''' (though often replaced by ''nani'') and '''yakaliyātam''' are used as formal second person plural pronouns; they are however nouns and decline as such (as singular 1-h and 1-m declension respectively, but they take plural verbs and adjectives). Various other nouns may be used as second- or third-person pronouns depending on the situation; see [[Chlouvānem/Morphology#Honorifics|the following section on honorifics]] for a list of them and their usage. | ||
====Use of possessives==== | |||
Possessive adjectives are always used if they refer to an explicit topic, and in most cases (except those listed below) if the topic is only marked by the voice, e.g.: | |||
* ''liliā glūkam mæn māminęltende fliven'' - my brother is in his 14<sub>12</sub>-th year (= is fifteen years old). | |||
* ''ūnikire faliā cūlla viṣam ūnime vi'' - your red car is on the other road. | |||
The voice-marked topic usually does not have a possessive if it belongs to a first- or second-person agent which is explicitely marked. Particularly, the words ''meinā'' (mother) and ''bunā'' (father) are almost always possessive-less. e.g.: | |||
* ''ñæltah hånyadaikire furṣīnaviṣyu lēyet emęliosi'' - It is my sister I gave that wonderful poetry book to. — note how it is simply ''ñæltah'' and not ''liliā ñæltah'' because of the presence of the ergative pronoun ''lēyet''. | |||
If the sentence is focussed on a verb-marked (i.e. with a dropped pronoun) agent, it is more common to use the possessive. In many colloquial varieties of Chlouvānem, there is a developing distinction between using the reflexive and the 1st- or 2nd- person forms, where the reflexive is more commonly (but still not exclusively!) used for alienable possession and the other for inalienable possession. Thus, "my sister" is more commonly ''liliā ñæltah'', while "my book" is more commonly ''demiā naviṣya'', at least in a sentence with a first person focus. The above example would become ''liliåh ñæltom hånyadaikire furṣīnaviṣyu emęliaṃte''; one could also stress the fact it's their own book and thus say ''liliåh ñæltom hånyadaikire demiau furṣīnaviṣyu emęliaṃte''. | |||
=== Correlatives === | === Correlatives === | ||