Volapűük nulíik: Difference between revisions
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||bi- || bivaléek || because of [causation] || dative (direct causative effect) || bizdoné || because of the stone (the stone fell and the vase broke) | ||bi- || bivaléek || because of [causation] || dative (direct causative effect) || bizdoné || because of the stone (the stone fell and the vase broke) | ||
|- | |- | ||
||ma- || mavalúuk || according to [oral citation] || essive || mawödúfes/mawödúfäs || according to her words (the words she said, according to her opinion) | ||ma- || mavalúuk || according to [oral citation] || essive (quotative) || mawödúfes/mawödúfäs || according to her words (the words she said, according to her opinion) | ||
|- | |- | ||
||ba- || bavalúuk || according to [written text] || essive || ballonú || according to the law (as it is written) | ||ba- || bavalúuk || according to [written text] || essive (quotative) || ballonú || according to the law (as it is written) | ||
|- | |||
||ta- ||tavulúuk || against (abstract) || essive (?) || binön tagrigú || to be against war | |||
|- | |||
||pro- ||provalúuk || for, in favour of || essive (?) ||binön prollon nulikú || to be for / in favour of the new law | |||
|} | |} | ||
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||da- || davaláak || of sth. || genitive (partitive) || davlená || a friend/no friend (usage cf. partitive in Basque and Finnish in neg. sentences) | ||da- || davaláak || of sth. || genitive (partitive) || davlená || a friend/no friend (usage cf. partitive in Basque and Finnish in neg. sentences) | ||
|} | |} | ||
Negation is normally marked on the verb (by the prefix no-), however sometimes also a noun or a whole noun phrase needs to be negated, e.g. "I am not searching for peace, not for clarity, not for freedom, but for war, for misconception, for slavery." In this case, the negation can also be expressed on a noun or a noun phrase. The noun/noun phrase remains as it is in a positive statement, however the prefix "no-" is added [no lenition is applied] and at the end of the noun/the noun phrase the suffix -k is added, to mark the end of the negation. Since negation accourse very often of direct objects, the following case is genitive, but in general any other case could be used. As an example the phrase will be used: | |||
"I am not searching for peace, not for clarity, not for freedom, but for war, for misconception, for slavery." | |||
"Zukkában püdá, nokleiliká, nolibiká, sukkábintà krigí, suemí | |||
''Determiners'' | ''Determiners'' | ||
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''Modal particles'' | ''Modal particles'' | ||
==='''Verbs'''=== | ==='''Verbs'''=== | ||