Volapűük nulíik: Difference between revisions
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This slot is reserved for modal prefixes. All modal prefixes lenite the following consonant. | This slot is reserved for modal prefixes. All modal prefixes lenite the following consonant. | ||
Persons | |||
The category of person is included in every verb, independently if it is the subject, direct or indirect object. Only participles and infinitives can be used without personal suffixes but this happens rarely, e. g. as entrances in dictionaries. The following table gives an overview of the personal suffixes in the standard language. In colloquial speech this endings might change a bit, but the suffixes are the same as the possessive suffixes used for nouns. Therefore, this table will be sufficient for an overview. | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |||
|+ Overview of possessive suffixes [standard language] | |||
!rowspan ="2" colspan ="4"| | |||
!rowspan ="2" |Singular | |||
!rowspan ="2" | Dual | |||
!colspan ="4" | Plural | |||
|- | |||
||Dual +1 | |||
||Plural + 1 | |||
||Plural + 2 | |||
||Plural + 3+ | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan ="6" | 1. Person | |||
!colspan ="3" | general | |||
||-b- | |||
||-bd- / -dd- [bd < *bt] | |||
|colspan ="4" | -bz- / -zz- | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan = "2" colspan ="2" | inclusive | |||
!informal | |||
|| | |||
||-lb- | |||
||-dmV- / -dvV- / -dbV- [d < *bd] | |||
|colspan ="3" | -lbz- | |||
|- | |||
!formal | |||
|| | |||
||-rb- | |||
||-dmV- / -dvV- / -dbV- [d < *bd] | |||
|colspan ="3" | -rbz- | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan ="3" colspan ="2" | exclusive | |||
!masculine | |||
|| | |||
||-mb- < -m- + -b- | |||
|| | |||
||-mbz- | |||
||-mdž- < *mtbž | |||
||-zb- < *msb | |||
|- | |||
!feminine | |||
|| | |||
||-vb- < -f- + -b- | |||
|| | |||
||-vbz- | |||
||-vdž- < *ftbž | |||
||-sb- < *fsb | |||
|- | |||
!neutral | |||
|| | |||
||-bb- < -p + -b- | |||
|| | |||
||-bbz- | |||
||-bdž- < *ptbž | |||
||-sp- < *sp | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan ="8" | 2. Person | |||
!rowspan ="2" colspan ="2" | inclusive | |||
!informal | |||
||-l- | |||
||-lt- | |||
|colspan ="4" | -lz- | |||
|- | |||
!formal | |||
||-r- | |||
||-rt- | |||
|colspan ="4" | -rz- | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan ="6" colspan ="1" | exclusive | |||
!rowspan ="3" colspan ="1" | informal | |||
!masculine | |||
|| | |||
||-lmV- | |||
|colspan ="4" |-lmzV- | |||
|- | |||
!feminine | |||
|| | |||
||-lfV- | |||
|colspan ="4" |-lvzV- | |||
|- | |||
!neutral | |||
|| | |||
||-lpV- | |||
|colspan ="4" |-lpsV- / -lbzV- | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan ="3" colspan ="1" |formal | |||
!masculine | |||
|| | |||
||-rmV- | |||
|colspan ="4" |-rmzV- | |||
|- | |||
!feminine | |||
|| | |||
||-rfV- | |||
|colspan ="4" |-rvzV- | |||
|- | |||
!neutral | |||
|| | |||
||-rpV- | |||
|colspan ="4" |-rpsV- / -rbzV- | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan ="4" | 3.Person | |||
!rowspan ="3" colspan ="2" | animate | |||
!masculine | |||
||-m- | |||
||-mt- | |||
|colspan ="4" | -mz- | |||
|- | |||
!feminine | |||
||-f- | |||
||-ft- | |||
|colspan ="4" | -fs- | |||
|- | |||
!neutral | |||
||-p- | |||
||-pt- | |||
|colspan ="4" | -ps- | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan ="1" colspan ="3" | inanimate | |||
||-n- | |||
||-nt- | |||
|colspan ="4" | -nz- | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
''Subject'' versus ''Object'' | |||