Volapűük nulíik: Difference between revisions
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|-Ø || nominative || penáb. || I write. | |-Ø || nominative || penáb. || I write. | ||
|- | |- | ||
||-[e]k / -[e]g || accusative/genitive || pengábin vödemí. = Vödemmenáb. || I write a text. | ||-[e]k- / -[e]g- || accusative/genitive || pengábin vödemí. = Vödemmenáb. || I write a text. | ||
|- | |- | ||
||-[e]k / -[e]g || accusative/genitive || fitkábin mití. = Mittitáb. || I eat the meat. | ||-[e]k / -[e]g- || accusative/genitive || fitkábin mití. = Mittitáb. || I eat the meat. | ||
|- | |- | ||
||-[e]p / -[e]b || dative || penbábel. || I write you. | ||-[e]p- / -[e]b- || dative || penbábel. || I write you. | ||
|- | |- | ||
||-[e]p / -[e]b || dative || givbábepš. || I give them. | ||-[e]p- / -[e]b- || dative || givbábepš. || I give them. | ||
|- | |- | ||
||-[e]f / -[e]v || accusative/genitive + dative || Givvábinsel bukís. || I give you the books. | ||-[e]f- / -[e]v- || accusative/genitive + dative || Givvábinsel bukís. || I give you the books. | ||
|- | |- | ||
||-[e]f / -[e]v || accusative/genitive + dative || Kanitfúbinert Volapükäná hümí. || I will have sung the hymn of Volapükȁän for you [formal] | ||-[e]f- / -[e]v- || accusative/genitive + dative || Kanitfúbinert Volapükäná hümí. || I will have sung the hymn of Volapükȁän for you [formal] | ||
|} | |} | ||
In this group of suffixes, there is a fourth suffix: -s- / -z-. It does not infere in the distribuition of objects, i. e. does not mark the following dative / accusative or dative & accusative object, but rather conveys the idea that the subject of a sentence does not control the process expressed in the verb by pure volition but is "follows" the process independently of its own will. Typical verbs for this suffix are 'to sink', 'to go down', 'to die [as a natural process]', 'to be born [in Latin the verb rendering this meaning was a medio-passive verb], to tremble / to shiver. The subject is given in the essive case instead of the nominative. | |||
Examples: | |||
Dremzȁäpnäättè tsilú. The child only trembled the night. | |||
[Drem-z-ȁä-p-näät-tè | tsilú | TREMBLE-val.ess.-pret.gen.-3.sg.anim.neutr.-only | CHILD-ess.] | |||
Falfifsȁb. I fell to the front. | |||
[Fal-fif-s-ȁ-b | FALL-to.the.front.-val.ess.-pret.-1.sg.] | |||
Tülzȁb. I felt dizzy. | |||
[Tül-z-ȁ-b. | TURN-val.ess.-pret.-1.sg.] | |||
Danüdzȁm. He danced as in trance. | |||
[Danüd-z-ȁ-m. DANCE-val.ess.-pret.-3.sg.anim.masc.] | |||
Goolniđitsȁmit lüđomíma bibhirémö. He went home tottering because he had too many beers. | |||
[Gool-niđit-s-ȁ-m-i-t | lü-đom-í-m-a | bi-bhir-é-mö || GO-to.right.to.left.-val.ess.-pret.-3.sg.anim.masc.-dir.-deict.cataph. | dir.-HOME-acc.-3.sg.anim.masc.-gen. | caus.dir.-BEER-dat.-excessive]. | |||
===''Slot VI / Bóok VI''=== | ===''Slot VI / Bóok VI''=== | ||