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Niemish (''[[Contionary:Nimsk|Nimsk]]'') is an [[w:East_Germanic_languages|East Germanic language]] descended from Wulfilan [[w:Gothic_language|Gothic]], the oldest [[w:Germanic_languages|Germanic language]] with a sizeable text corpus. The name originated from [[w:Proto-Slavic_language|Proto-Slavic]] ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/němьcь|*němĭcĭ]]'', an exonym given by speakers of [[w:Slavic_languages|Slavic languages]] to Germanic speakers. Niemish has undergone extensive influence by Slavic languages and is a member of the [[w:Balkan_sprachbund|Balkan sprachbund]], having such features as suffixed definite articles and deriving the future tense from present subjunctive. There is also considerable influence from languages such as [[w:Turkish_language|Turkish]], [[w:Hungarian_language|Hungarian]], [[w:Greek_language|Greek]], [[w:Latin_language|Latin]] and [[w:Romance_languages|Romance languages]].
Niemish (''[[Contionary:Nimsk|Nimsk]]'') is an [[w:East_Germanic_languages|East Germanic language]] descended from Wulfilan [[w:Gothic_language|Gothic]], the oldest [[w:Germanic_languages|Germanic language]] with a sizeable text corpus. The name originated from [[w:Proto-Slavic_language|Proto-Slavic]] ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/němьcь|*němĭcĭ]]'', an exonym given by speakers of [[w:Slavic_languages|Slavic languages]] to Germanic speakers. Niemish has undergone extensive influence by Slavic languages and is a member of the [[w:Balkan_sprachbund|Balkan sprachbund]], having such features as suffixed definite articles and deriving the future tense from present subjunctive. There is also considerable influence from languages such as [[w:Turkish_language|Turkish]], [[w:Hungarian_language|Hungarian]], [[w:Greek_language|Greek]], [[w:Latin_language|Latin]] and [[w:Romance_languages|Romance languages]].
==Phonology==
===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" |
! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Denti-alveolar_consonant|Denti-alveolar]]
! colspan="1" | [[w:Postalveolar consonant|Postalveolar]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]]
! colspan="1" | [[w:Glottal_consonant|Glottal]]
|- style="font-size: small;"
! hard
! soft
! hard ([[w:Dental_consonant|Dental]])
! soft ([[w:Alveolar_consonant|Alveolar]])
! hard
! soft
! hard
! neutral
|-
! colspan="2" | [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| [[w:Voiced_bilabial_nasal|m]] ⟨m⟩ || mʲ ⟨mj⟩
| [[w:Voiced_dental,_alveolar_and_postalveolar_nasals#Dental_or_denti-alveolar|n̪]] ⟨n⟩ || [[w:Voiced_dental,_alveolar_and_postalveolar_nasals#Alveolar|nʲ]] ⟨nj⟩
| rowspan="3" |
| ŋʲ ⟨ngj⟩ || [[w:Voiced_velar_nasal|ŋ]] ⟨ng⟩
| rowspan="3" |
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[w:Stop consonant|Plosive]]
! {{small|voiceless}}
| [[w:Voiceless_bilabial_plosive|p]] ⟨p⟩ || pʲ ⟨pj⟩
| [[w:Voiceless_dental_plosive|t̪]] ⟨t⟩ || [[w:Voiceless_alveolar_plosive|tʲ]] ⟨tj⟩
| kʲ ⟨kj⟩ || [[w:Voiceless_velar_plosive|k]] ⟨k⟩
|-
! {{small|voiced}}
| [[w:Voiced_bilabial_plosive|b]] ⟨b⟩ || bʲ ⟨bj⟩
| [[w:Voiced_dental_plosive|d̪]] ⟨d⟩ || [[w:Voiced_alveolar_plosive|dʲ]] ⟨dj⟩
| ɡʲ ⟨gj⟩ || [[w:Voiced_velar_plosive|ɡ]] ⟨g⟩
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[w:Affricate consonant|Affricate]]
! {{small|voiceless}}
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
| [[w:Voiceless_dental_affricate|ʦ̪]] ⟨tz⟩ || [[w:Voiceless_dental_affricate|ʦʲ]] ⟨tzj⟩
| [[w:Voiceless postalveolar affricate|ʧ]] ⟨cz⟩
| colspan="3" rowspan="2" |
|-
! {{small|voiced}}
| [[w:Voiceless_dental_affricate|ʣ̪]] ⟨dz⟩ || [[w:Voiceless_dental_affricate|ʣʲ]] ⟨dzj⟩
| [[w:Voiced postalveolar affricate|ʤ]] ⟨dsz⟩
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[w:Fricative consonant|Spirant]]
! {{small|voiceless}}
| [[w:Voiceless_labiodental_fricative|f]] ⟨f⟩ || fʲ ⟨fj⟩
| [[w:Voiceless_dental_sibilant|s̪]] ⟨s⟩ || [[w:Voiceless dental sibilant|sʲ]] ⟨sj⟩
| [[w:Voiced_postalveolar_fricative|ʃ]] ⟨sz⟩
| xʲ ⟨chj⟩ || [[w:/x/|x]] ⟨ch⟩
| [[w:/h/|h]] ⟨h⟩
|-
! {{small|voiced}}
| [[w:Voiced_labiodental_fricative|v]] ⟨v⟩ || rowspan="2" | vʲ ⟨wj, vj⟩
| [[w:Voiced dental sibilant|z̪]] ⟨z⟩ || [[w:Voiced dental sibilant|zʲ]] ⟨zj⟩
| [[w:Voiced_postalveolar_fricative|ʒ]] ⟨zsz⟩
|  colspan="3" rowspan="2" |
|-
! colspan="2" | [[w:Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
| [[w:/w/|w]] ⟨w⟩
| [[w:Velarized_dental_lateral_approximant|ɫ̪]] ⟨l⟩
| [[w:Alveolar_lateral_approximant|lʲ]] ⟨lj⟩ 
| [[w:/j/|j]] ⟨j⟩
|-
! colspan="2" | [[w:Tap_and_flap_consonants|Tap]]
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
| [[w:/ɾ/|ɾ̪]] ⟨r⟩ || ɾʲ ⟨rj⟩
| colspan="4" rowspan="2" |
|-
! colspan="2" | [[w:Trill_consonant|Trill]]
| [[w:Voiced_dental,_alveolar_and_postalveolar_trills#Dental|r̪]] ⟨rr⟩ || rʲ ⟨rrj⟩
|}
A sequence of a plain consonant followed by a front vowel is realised with a velar offglide inserted (or a labiovelar offglide after labial consonants):
*dächs /dɛːxs/ [dɰɛːxs]~[dɰeːxs]
*bärs /bɛɾs/ [bwɛɾs]~[bweɾs]
This also holds in dialects where /ə~ɨː/ have merged with /ɪ~i/ː
*kyna /ˈkɨːnɐ/ Standard: [ˈkɨːnɐ], Dialectal: [ˈkɰiːnɐ]
*ęfynund /ɪ̃ˈfwɨːnʊnd/ Standard: [ɪ̃ˈfɨːnʊnd], Dialectal: [ɪ̃ˈfwiːnʊnd]
Glide insertion is not phonemic and thus not indicated in most IPA transcriptions.


==Scripts==
==Scripts==
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Outside digraphs, the letters ⟨C, Q, V⟩ only appear in loanwords, as do the digraphs ⟨Ph, Th⟩ and the trigraph ⟨Dsz⟩.
Outside digraphs, the letters ⟨C, Q, V⟩ only appear in loanwords, as do the digraphs ⟨Ph, Th⟩ and the trigraph ⟨Dsz⟩.
==Phonology==
===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" |
! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Denti-alveolar_consonant|Denti-alveolar]]
! colspan="1" | [[w:Postalveolar consonant|Postalveolar]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]]
! colspan="1" | [[w:Glottal_consonant|Glottal]]
|- style="font-size: small;"
! hard
! soft
! hard ([[w:Dental_consonant|Dental]])
! soft ([[w:Alveolar_consonant|Alveolar]])
! hard
! soft
! hard
! neutral
|-
! colspan="2" | [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| [[w:Voiced_bilabial_nasal|m]] ⟨m⟩ || mʲ ⟨mj⟩
| [[w:Voiced_dental,_alveolar_and_postalveolar_nasals#Dental_or_denti-alveolar|n̪]] ⟨n⟩ || [[w:Voiced_dental,_alveolar_and_postalveolar_nasals#Alveolar|nʲ]] ⟨nj⟩
| rowspan="3" |
| ŋʲ ⟨ngj⟩ || [[w:Voiced_velar_nasal|ŋ]] ⟨ng⟩
| rowspan="3" |
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[w:Stop consonant|Plosive]]
! {{small|voiceless}}
| [[w:Voiceless_bilabial_plosive|p]] ⟨p⟩ || pʲ ⟨pj⟩
| [[w:Voiceless_dental_plosive|t̪]] ⟨t⟩ || [[w:Voiceless_alveolar_plosive|tʲ]] ⟨tj⟩
| kʲ ⟨kj⟩ || [[w:Voiceless_velar_plosive|k]] ⟨k⟩
|-
! {{small|voiced}}
| [[w:Voiced_bilabial_plosive|b]] ⟨b⟩ || bʲ ⟨bj⟩
| [[w:Voiced_dental_plosive|d̪]] ⟨d⟩ || [[w:Voiced_alveolar_plosive|dʲ]] ⟨dj⟩
| ɡʲ ⟨gj⟩ || [[w:Voiced_velar_plosive|ɡ]] ⟨g⟩
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[w:Affricate consonant|Affricate]]
! {{small|voiceless}}
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
| [[w:Voiceless_dental_affricate|ʦ̪]] ⟨tz⟩ || [[w:Voiceless_dental_affricate|ʦʲ]] ⟨tzj⟩
| [[w:Voiceless postalveolar affricate|ʧ]] ⟨cz⟩
| colspan="3" rowspan="2" |
|-
! {{small|voiced}}
| [[w:Voiceless_dental_affricate|ʣ̪]] ⟨dz⟩ || [[w:Voiceless_dental_affricate|ʣʲ]] ⟨dzj⟩
| [[w:Voiced postalveolar affricate|ʤ]] ⟨dsz⟩
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[w:Fricative consonant|Spirant]]
! {{small|voiceless}}
| [[w:Voiceless_labiodental_fricative|f]] ⟨f⟩ || fʲ ⟨fj⟩
| [[w:Voiceless_dental_sibilant|s̪]] ⟨s⟩ || [[w:Voiceless dental sibilant|sʲ]] ⟨sj⟩
| [[w:Voiced_postalveolar_fricative|ʃ]] ⟨sz⟩
| xʲ ⟨chj⟩ || [[w:/x/|x]] ⟨ch⟩
| [[w:/h/|h]] ⟨h⟩
|-
! {{small|voiced}}
| [[w:Voiced_labiodental_fricative|v]] ⟨v⟩ || rowspan="2" | vʲ ⟨wj, vj⟩
| [[w:Voiced dental sibilant|z̪]] ⟨z⟩ || [[w:Voiced dental sibilant|zʲ]] ⟨zj⟩
| [[w:Voiced_postalveolar_fricative|ʒ]] ⟨zsz⟩
|  colspan="3" rowspan="2" |
|-
! colspan="2" | [[w:Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
| [[w:/w/|w]] ⟨w⟩
| [[w:Velarized_dental_lateral_approximant|ɫ̪]] ⟨l⟩
| [[w:Alveolar_lateral_approximant|lʲ]] ⟨lj⟩ 
| [[w:/j/|j]] ⟨j⟩
|-
! colspan="2" | [[w:Tap_and_flap_consonants|Tap]]
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
| [[w:/ɾ/|ɾ̪]] ⟨r⟩ || ɾʲ ⟨rj⟩
| colspan="4" rowspan="2" |
|-
! colspan="2" | [[w:Trill_consonant|Trill]]
| [[w:Voiced_dental,_alveolar_and_postalveolar_trills#Dental|r̪]] ⟨rr⟩ || rʲ ⟨rrj⟩
|}
A sequence of a plain consonant followed by a front vowel is realised with a velar offglide inserted (or a labiovelar offglide after labial consonants):
*dächs /dɛːxs/ [dɰɛːxs]~[dɰeːxs]
*bärs /bɛɾs/ [bwɛɾs]~[bweɾs]
This also holds in dialects where /ə~ɨː/ have merged with /ɪ~i/ː
*kyna /ˈkɨːnɐ/ Standard: [ˈkɨːnɐ], Dialectal: [ˈkɰiːnɐ]
*ęfynund /ɪ̃ˈfwɨːnʊnd/ Standard: [ɪ̃ˈfɨːnʊnd], Dialectal: [ɪ̃ˈfwiːnʊnd]
Glide insertion is not phonemic and thus not indicated in most IPA transcriptions.


===Orthography===
===Orthography===
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