SamSkandinavisk pronouns: Difference between revisions
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| ''hanem'' [ˈhɑːnəm] / ''ham'' [hamː] | | ''hanem'' [ˈhɑːnəm] / ''ham'' [hamː] | ||
| ''hans'' [hanːs] | | ''hans'' [hanːs] | ||
!rowspan="5"| | !rowspan="5"| 3rd | ||
|rowspan="5"| ''de'' [deː] | |rowspan="5"| ''de'' [deː] | ||
|rowspan="5"| ''dem'' [deːm] | |rowspan="5"| ''dem'' [deːm] | ||
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The distinction between '''du''' and '''i''' is intended to be purely one of number. '''Du''' is to address a single person and '''i''' to address two or more people. There is no particular level of formality associated with either pronoun. Unlike with German ''du'' or French ''tu'', SamSka '''du''' can be used to address adult strangers of any social rank. | The distinction between '''du''' and '''i''' is intended to be purely one of number. '''Du''' is to address a single person and '''i''' to address two or more people. There is no particular level of formality associated with either pronoun. Unlike with German ''du'' or French ''tu'', SamSka '''du''' can be used to address adult strangers of any social rank. | ||
'''Den''' is the equivalent of ''it'' used for common gender nouns. It is used for nouns when the grammatical gender is common and they have no physical gender. This could include inanimate objects, abstract concepts and animals where the physical gender is not known or not relevant. For example a '''bok''' (book) would normally be referred to as '''den'''. But a '''hankatt''' (tomcat) might instead be referred to as '''han''' because it has a physical gender. | '''Den''' is the equivalent of ''it'' used for common gender nouns. It is used for nouns when the grammatical gender is common and they have no physical gender. This could include inanimate objects, abstract concepts and animals where the physical gender is not known or not relevant. For example a '''bok''' (book) would normally be referred to as '''den'''. But a '''hankatt''' (tomcat) might instead be referred to as '''han''' because it has a known and relevant physical gender. | ||
'''Den''' may also be used as a gender neutral pronoun to talk about a person when the physical gender is not yet known or not considered relevant. This can be used in non-sexist language to avoid a preference for male or female. | '''Den''' may also be used as a gender neutral pronoun to talk about a person when the physical gender is not yet known or not considered relevant. This can be used in non-sexist language to avoid a preference for male or female. | ||
The reflexive pronoun is used when the object or possessive is identical to the grammatical subject of the sentence: '''han kysste sin hustru'''. "he kissed his (own) wife". '''han kysste hans hustru''' "he kissed his (somebody else's) wife" | |||
'''Man''' the impersonal pronoun is used in a similar way to formal English "one", or more informally "you" or "they". It refers to no one in particular. It always uses the reflexive possessive for possessive (for logical reasons). It isn't normally used in the objective case, but constructions of '''man''' in the objective case can be done by using the passive form of verbs. | |||