User:IlL/A Danified analytic Neo-Arabic: Difference between revisions
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====VN constructions==== | ====VN constructions==== | ||
Knench has a rich tense-aspect system which expresses imperfective/perfective as well as progressive and perfect. | Knench has a rich tense-aspect system which expresses imperfective/perfective as well as progressive and perfect. | ||
*'''''ri''' Parm '''bə''' | *'''''ri''' Parm '''bə''' leht oj'' = Parm goes | ||
*'''''ri''' Parm '''ław''' | *'''''ri''' Parm '''ław''' leht oj'' = Parm is going | ||
*'''''ri''' Parm '''þax''' | *'''''ri''' Parm '''þax''' leht oj'' = Parm is about to go | ||
*'''''ri''' Parm '''xni''' | *'''''ri''' Parm '''xni''' leht oj'' = Parm has gone | ||
*'''''ri''' Parm '''xni juð oj bə''' | *'''''ri''' Parm '''xni juð oj bə''' leht'' = Parm has been going | ||
*'''''ri''' Parm '''dəž''' | *'''''ri''' Parm '''dəž''' leht oj'' = Parm just went | ||
*'''''ri''' Parm '''wen''' | *'''''ri''' Parm '''wen''' leht oj'' = Parm hasn't went | ||
*'''''fól''' Parm '''ðə''' | *'''''fól''' Parm '''ðə''' leht'' = Parm went (perfective; cf. AAVE ''She done went'') | ||
*'''''þąf''' Parm '''ðə''' | *'''''þąf''' Parm '''ðə''' leht'' = Parm will go (perfective) | ||
*'''''han''' Parm '''bə''' | *'''''han''' Parm '''bə''' leht oj'' = Parm went (imperfective) | ||
*'''''þé''' Parm '''bə''' | *'''''þé''' Parm '''bə''' leht oj'' = Parm will go (imperfective) | ||
*'' | *''leht!'' = Go! (number neutral) | ||
*'''''gwenu''' | *'''''gwenu''' leht!'' (3uqbinu lekt "follow us to go") = Let's go! | ||
In clauses with a copula and a verbal noun, Knench requires the pronoun corresponding to the subject to come right after the verbal noun: ''R'ižəs bø hél u ð'abwəs''. This is etymologically "See the man when he's eating the apple", cf. Biblical and literary Modern Hebrew באכלו את התפוח "when he eats the apple (but tense- and aspect-neutral)". | In clauses with a copula and a verbal noun, Knench requires the pronoun corresponding to the subject to come right after the verbal noun: ''R'ižəs bø hél u ð'abwəs''. This is etymologically "See the man when he's eating the apple", cf. Biblical and literary Modern Hebrew באכלו את התפוח "when he eats the apple (but tense- and aspect-neutral)". | ||
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To form passives two different auxiliaries are used: | To form passives two different auxiliaries are used: | ||
* ''Kaht'' 'to take' is used as an auxiliary to raise the animate object of a ditransitive verb. | * ''Kaht'' 'to take' is used as an auxiliary to raise the animate object of a ditransitive verb. | ||
* '' | * ''leht'' 'to go' is used to raise the inanimate object of both monotransitive and ditransitive verbs (as well as the object of the original verb which is causativized). | ||
: ''Kawð u đə ląbur mitəs rup məšólə.'' | : ''Kawð u đə ląbur mitəs rup məšólə.'' | ||
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: the apple in my flat | : the apple in my flat | ||
: Ri plenžil śni | : Ri plenžil śni leht im. -> '''''plenžil łom xni leht im''''' | ||
: the people who have gone | : the people who have gone | ||
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:''Where are you?'' | :''Where are you?'' | ||
:'''''Énr fows tr ðə | :'''''Énr fows tr ðə leht?''''' / '''''Énr laws tr?''''' | ||
:''Where have you been?'' | :''Where have you been?'' | ||
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===Tower of Babel=== | ===Tower of Babel=== | ||
# ''Han pə þó law þebwəs ðə súðu ləžunəs ej núməs bə lųl im.'' | # ''Han pə þó law þebwəs ðə súðu ləžunəs ej núməs bə lųl im.'' | ||
# ''Wini pið im bə | # ''Wini pið im bə leht im men ést, flu'm ðə find meštəxəs Šinłar vi ližešib feni.'' | ||
# ''Flu'm el šúv mur: "Pulé, gwenu fluð əmbínr vi ladeb vuð im." vi han əmbínil bə lųl im low'm til əbonr, vi əgíləs til mawd.'' | # ''Flu'm el šúv mur: "Pulé, gwenu fluð əmbínr vi ladeb vuð im." vi han əmbínil bə lųl im low'm til əbonr, vi əgíləs til mawd.'' | ||
# ''Mur: "Pulé, gwenu benin krir lon nu ej tur pəze, jąf ruž se ðə łali leht šméməs, vi nąf nu ðə nawž nu bə dųžim! Oz nąf nu dal ðə liðvasr łaj þó law þebwəs."'' | # ''Mur: "Pulé, gwenu benin krir lon nu ej tur pəze, jąf ruž se ðə łali leht šméməs, vi nąf nu ðə nawž nu bə dųžim! Oz nąf nu dal ðə liðvasr łaj þó law þebwəs."'' | ||