Glommish: Difference between revisions

Introduce random sound changes in the evolution of Thedish, e.g.

Should be a koiné (some "Low Thedish" dialects can have PIE dh/vernerized t -> z which shows up in some words)

A somewhat controversial Simon Stevin-like figure who reformed the language, by essentially creating and promoting his own dialect of Thedish (which eventually turned into modern American Thedish dialects) -- he was a scholar of Germanic philology and invented coinages based on Old English and Old Dutch; he also published a dictionary of the ancient Langobardic language

Thedish today uses an alphabetic writing system inspired by the Arabic script, written from right to left but with a Latin aesthetic. It was devised by Andrie Hóchenhym.

There was a traditional Roman orthography which was historically used in Italy; spelling was very unsystematic and there were sometimes many different glyphs for the same sound (for instance, at least five different glyphs are attested for ''þ''), and vice versa (e.g. final -i mostly denoted both palatalization and -''ie'', but -''ie'' was sometimes written -ii for disambiguation). In North Africa, the most common writing system for Thedish was the Arabic abjad. Today, the latter is used for ceremonial purposes.

{{PAGENAME}} phonology is characterized by retroflexion and pairs of hard (unpalatalized) and soft (palatalized) consonants. Palatalization is as strong as in Russian in the traditional pronunciation of Thedish.

*For younger speakers of Thedish in New York, the distinction between non-palatalized and palatalized is neutralized in labials and alveolars, except for labials before back vowels where palatalized labials become /Cj/: ''biar ik'' [bjaɹ ɪk~bjɛɹ ɪk] 'I carry' vs. ''bierier þú'' [bɛɹəɹ ðʊ] 'you carry'. Furthermore, palatalized t d n are pronounced as in Polish ć dź ń, /ʃ ʒ/ are pronoounced as /ʂ ʐ/, and non-palatalized v is pronounced /w/.

*Short ''u'' lengthens to /u:/ after soft consonants in younger New York Thedish.

* In younger NY Thedish, /a/ is [æ] except after a soft consonant, where it becomes [ɛ] or [jɛ].

Different Thedish dialects mainly vary in grammar and vocabulary, and extent of English influence.

*Connecticut Thedish

*New York Thedish

**Younger New York Thedish (not quite an English accent of Thedish, it underwent its own peculiar changes)

*a Thedish-English creole

{{PAGENAME}} uses the indefinite article ''a'' and the definite article ''þe''. Due to historical Arabic influence, Thedish uses the definite article the same way Arabic does: nonspecific nouns take the definite article, unlike in English.

Thedish retains attributive adjective forms, but has lost the distinction between strong and weak adjectives still extant in German. For attributive adjectives, the following declension is used regardless of gender or definiteness (the following is the declension of ''hóch'' 'high, tall'):

In modern Thedish, phrasal verbs are always separated, except in derived agent and verbal nouns. Colloquial Thedish does so even in agent and verbal nouns derived with -erь and -eng, using the borrowed English construction ''VERB-erь/-eng PREP-erь/-eng'' (cf. English ''fixer-upper''). Only the second suffix takes declension inflection.

The simple past is like the English simple past. Except for common short verbs like ''bión'' 'to be', ''hán'' 'to have' or ''gán'' 'to go', and auxiliaries, it's used mostly in New York Thedish, especially by younger speakers.

Progressive tenses denote ongoing actions. An Irish-like construction is used: the auxiliary ''bión'' is used (which carries the tense), and the lexical verb becomes ''at'' 'at' + infinitive. In formal Thedish, the direct object of the verb takes the genitive.

The perfect is used like the English perfect; it uses the auxiliary ''hán'' + past participle. In modern Thedish there's a tendency to use the perfect where normative Thedish would use the simple past; this is especially true of Connecticut Thedish.

* ''Ik há gejaten þe apel.'' "I have eaten the apple"; in Connecticut Thedish also "I ate the apple"

TODO: P-Celtic, Greek, Hebrew, Latin, and Arabic names; Anglicized Thedish surnames