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== Grammar ==
== Grammar ==
=== Articles ===
Modern Gothic has two articles, the Definite and the Indefinite. Regardless of dialect, they are invariable.
{| class="wikitable" style=text-align:center
|-
!            !! colspan="2" | Standard MG !! colspan="2" | Colloquial MG !! Eastern MG
|-
!            !! Masculine  || Feminine    || Masculine  || Feminine      ||
|-
| Definite  || σ-        || ꞇɑ          || σ-        || ꞇε            || tă
|-
| Indefinite || colspan="2" | εv          || colspan="2" | εv (ɜv)      || en
|}
However, the underlying form of the definite may be invariable, but in the Coastal dialects they cause lenition of the following consonant.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| σPɑrɑσ || ƚɑ̑ɑ || εv || Monσ
|-
| ˈsxa.həs || ˈfɑə̯ || ɛn || ˈmuːs
|-
| σ-Pɑr-ɑσ || ∅-ƚɑ̑ɑ-∅ || εv || Monσ-∅
|-
| DEF-cat.M-NOM.SG || IMPF-catch-IND.PRS.3SG || INDEF || mouse.F-OBL.SG
|-
| The cat || is catching || a || mouse
|}
Compare this to the indefinite ɛn Pɑrɑσ ''en Kahas'' /ɛn ˈka.həs/. However, the indefinite is not used as often as in other Germanic languages. In Gothic, it frequently remains to mean 'one', with indefiniteness being secondary.
=== Determiners ===
Modern Gothic has both proximal and distal demonstratives, and these are declined to agree with a noun in: case, number, and gender.
{| class="wikitable" style=text-align:center
|+ Proximal Demonstratives
!              !! colspan="4" | SMG      !! colspan="4" | CMG        !! colspan="4" | EMG
|-
!              !! colspan="2" | Singular          !! colspan="2" | Plural                  !! colspan="2" | Singular          !! colspan="2" | Plural                  !! colspan="2" | Singular              !! colspan="2" | Plural
|-
!              !! Masculine  !! Feminine          !! Masculine  !! Feminine                !! Masculine  !! Feminine          !! Masculine  !! Feminine                !! Masculine  !! Feminine              !! Masculine  !! Feminine
|-
| Nominative    || σɑ        || rowspan="2" | ϕoo || σɑı        || rowspan="2" | ϕooσ      || σɑ        || rowspan="2" | ϕoo || σɑı        || rowspan="2" | ϕooσ̇      || ta        || rowspan="2" | tóv      || tej        || rowspan="2" | tos
|-
| Oblique      || σɑv                            || σɑv                                    || σɑv                            || σɑv                                    || tan                                  || tan
|-
| Genitive-Locative || σıσ    || ϕıσɑσ            || σıσɑ      || ϕıσɑ                    || σıþ        || colspan="3" | ϕıþɜ                                          || tis        || zos                    || zéj        || zóv
|}
The proximal demonstratives are used to both deictically and anaphorically, to indicate that a noun (whether it be concrete or abstract) is somehow relevant. This relevance can be physical nearness or the topic of the clause.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| σɑ          || Ꙡɛıv          || ıσσ                  || nvσꞇonσ̇
|-
| sa          || ˈrin          || ɪsː                  || ˌʊn.ˈstuʃ
|-
| σɑ          || Ꙡɛıv-∅      || ∅-ıσσ                || nv-nσꞇonꞇ-ɥ
|-
| DEM.M.NOM.SG || rain.M-CMN.SG || IMP-to_be.IND.PRS.3SG || un-end-M.CMN.SG
|-
| This        || rain          || is                    || unending
|}
The distal demonstratives are used much the same as the proximal. The difference is that the distal set indicates distance, either deictically or anaphorically.
{| class="wikitable" style=text-align:center
|+ Distal Demonstratives
!              !! colspan="4" | SMG      !! colspan="4" | CMG        !! colspan="4" | EMG
|-
!              !! colspan="2" | Singular          !! colspan="2" | Plural                  !! colspan="2" | Singular          !! colspan="2" | Plural                  !! colspan="2" | Singular              !! colspan="2" | Plural
|-
!              !! Masculine  !! Feminine          !! Masculine  !! Feminine                !! Masculine  !! Feminine          !! Masculine  !! Feminine                !! Masculine  !! Feminine              !! Masculine  !! Feminine
|-
| Nominative    || σɑ̑ɑ̑        || rowspan="2" | ϕɑn || σɑı        || rowspan="2" | ϕooσɑ      || σɑ̑ɑ̑        || rowspan="2" | ϕɑn || σɑɑ        || rowspan="2" | ϕooþ      || tȃv        || rowspan="2" | tov      || taj        || rowspan="2" | zo
|-
| Oblique      || σɑv                            || σɑvɑ                                  || σɑvɜ                            || σɑvɜ                                  || nȃv                                  || tan
|-
| Genitive-Locative || σıσɑ  || ϕıσɛ              || σıσɑ      || ϕıσo                    || σıþ        || colspan="3" | ϕıþɛ                                          || zo        || zóvz                  || zéjz      || zov
|}
While the proximal demonstratives can be used to mark the topic, the distal cannot be used to likewise mark the comment.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| tov          || kras          || ist                  || rutnóv
|-
| tʷɔw        || ˈkras        || iʃtʲ                  || ˈrʷut.nʷow
|-
| tov          || kras-∅      || ∅-ist                || rut-n-óv
|-
| DEM.F.NOM.SG || pear.F.NOM.SG || IMP-to_be.IND.PRS.3SG || rot-PPRT-F.NOM.SG
|-
| That        || pear          || is                    || rotten
|}
=== Pronouns ===
=== Nouns ===
=== Nouns ===
 
In all three dialects discussed here, nouns have two numbers: Singular and Plural. In Colloquial Gothic, they are declined for two cases: Common and the Genitive-Locative. In both Standard and Eastern Modern Gothic nouns are marked for three cases: Nominative, Oblique, and the Genitive(-Locative).
==== Strong Declensions ====
==== Strong Declensions ====
{{collapse top}}
{{collapse top}}
Sjacik
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