Luthic: Difference between revisions
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* The letter g represents the sound [[w:Voiced velar plosive|/ɡ/]] at the end of words and before the letters a, o, and u but represents the sound [[w:Voiced postalveolar affricate|/d͡ʒ/]] before the letters e and i. It also represents the sound [[w:Voiced velar nasal|/ŋ/]] before c, q or g. | * The letter g represents the sound [[w:Voiced velar plosive|/ɡ/]] at the end of words and before the letters a, o, and u but represents the sound [[w:Voiced postalveolar affricate|/d͡ʒ/]] before the letters e and i. It also represents the sound [[w:Voiced velar nasal|/ŋ/]] before c, q or g. | ||
** Velar plosives after /ŋ/ are not further palatalised to /t͡ʃ/ or /d͡ʒ/. | ** Velar plosives after /ŋ/ are not further palatalised to /t͡ʃ/ or /d͡ʒ/. | ||
** [[IPA for Luthic|/ɡʷ/]] only happens before a nasal and is spelled as ggu [[w:Labialization|/ŋɡʷ/]], or inherited from Gothic ''-ggw-'' as a regular outcome of [[w:Proto-Germanic language|Germanic]] ''*ww'': [[wikt:𐍄𐍂𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐍃|𐍄𐍂𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐍃]] [[wikt:AP:pron:got|[triɡʷːs]]], ''tregguo'' [ | ** [[IPA for Luthic|/ɡʷ/]] only happens before a nasal and is spelled as ggu [[w:Labialization|/ŋɡʷ/]], or inherited from Gothic ''-ggw-'' as a regular outcome of [[w:Proto-Germanic language|Germanic]] ''*ww'': [[wikt:𐍄𐍂𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐍃|𐍄𐍂𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐍃]] [[wikt:AP:pron:got|[triɡʷːs]]], ''tregguo'' [ˈtrɛɡ.ɡʷu]. | ||
* The cluster sc /sk/ before the letters e and i represents the sound [[w:Voiceless postalveolar fricative|/ʃ/]], [[w:Gemination|geminate]] if intervocalic. | * The cluster sc /sk/ before the letters e and i represents the sound [[w:Voiceless postalveolar fricative|/ʃ/]], [[w:Gemination|geminate]] if intervocalic. | ||
* The spellings ci and gi before another vowel represent only /t͡ʃ/ or /d͡ʒ/ with no [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|/i/]] ~ [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|/j/]] sound. | * The spellings ci and gi before another vowel represent only /t͡ʃ/ or /d͡ʒ/ with no [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|/i/]] ~ [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|/j/]] sound. | ||
** Unless ''c'' or ''g'' precede stressed /i/ (''pharmacia'' / | ** Unless ''c'' or ''g'' precede stressed /i/ (''pharmacia'' /ɸɐr.mɐˈtʃi.ɐ/ ‘pharmacy’, ''biologia'' /bjo.loˈdʒi.ɐ/ ‘biology’), these may be optionally spelt as ''cï'' and ''gï'' (''pharmacïa'', ''biologïa''). | ||
* The letter ''h'' is always silent. It is used to form a [[w:Digraph (orthography)|digraph]] with ''c'' or ''g'' to represent /k/ or /g/ before ''i'' or ''e''. It is also used with ''p'' to represent /ɸ/ and is found in some Greco-Roman words with ''t'' for /t/ for aesthetics only. | * The letter ''h'' is always silent. It is used to form a [[w:Digraph (orthography)|digraph]] with ''c'' or ''g'' to represent /k/ or /g/ before ''i'' or ''e''. It is also used with ''p'' to represent /ɸ/ and is found in some Greco-Roman words with ''t'' for /t/ for aesthetics only. | ||
* The spelling ch and gh always represent the sounds /k/ and /ɡ/. | * The spelling ch and gh always represent the sounds /k/ and /ɡ/. | ||
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| [[w:A|A]], a || a [[IPA for Luthic|[ˈa]]] || asga [[IPA for Luthic|[ˈaz.ɡɐ]]] || [[w:Near-open central vowel|/ɐ/]] or [[w:Open central unrounded vowel|/a/]] || â, ȧ | | [[w:A|A]], a || a [[IPA for Luthic|[ˈa]]] || asga [[IPA for Luthic|[ˈaz.ɡɐ]]] || [[w:Near-open central vowel|/ɐ/]] or [[w:Open central unrounded vowel|/a/]] || â, ȧ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[w:B|B]], b || bi [[IPA for Luthic|[ˈbi]]] || baerca [[IPA for Luthic|[ | | [[w:B|B]], b || bi [[IPA for Luthic|[ˈbi]]] || baerca [[IPA for Luthic|[ˈbɛr.kɐ]]] || [[w:Voiced bilabial plosive|/b/]] or [[w:Voiced bilabial fricative|/β/]] || — | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[w:C|C]], c || ci [[IPA for Luthic|[ˈt͡ʃi]]] || | | [[w:C|C]], c || ci [[IPA for Luthic|[ˈt͡ʃi]]] || cauno [[IPA for Luthic|[ˈkɔ.no]]] || [[w:Voiceless velar plosive|/k/]], [[w:Voiceless postalveolar affricate|/t͡ʃ/]] or [[w:Voiceless velar fricative|/x/]] || — | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[w:D|D]], d || di [[IPA for Luthic|[ˈdi]]] || | | [[w:D|D]], d || di [[IPA for Luthic|[ˈdi]]] || dagu [[IPA for Luthic|[ˈda.ɣu]]] || [[w:Voiced dental plosive|/d/]] || — | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[w: | | [[w:Eth|Ð]], ð || eððe [[IPA for Luthic|[ˈɛð.ðe]]] || ∅ || [[w:Voiced dental fricative|/ð/]] || — | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[w: | | [[w:E|E]], e || e [[IPA for Luthic|[ˈɛ]]] || aeqqu [[IPA for Luthic|[ˈɛk.kʷu]]] || [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|/e/]] or [[w:Open-mid front unrounded vowel|/ɛ/]] || ê | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[w: | | [[w:F|F]], f || effe [[IPA for Luthic|[ˈɛf.fe]]] || faeu [[IPA for Luthic|[ˈɸɛ.u]]] || [[w:Voiceless bilabial fricative|/ɸ/]] || — | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[w: | | [[w:G|G]], g || gi [[IPA for Luthic|[ˈd͡ʒi]]] || geva [[IPA for Luthic|[ˈd͡ʒe.βɐ]]] || [[w:Voiced velar plosive|/ɡ/]], [[w:Voiced postalveolar affricate|/d͡ʒ/]], [[w:Voiced velar fricative|/ɣ/]] or [[w:Voiced velar nasal|/ŋ/]] || — | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[w: | | [[w:H|H]], h || acca [[IPA for Luthic|[ˈak.kɐ]]] || haglu [[IPA for Luthic|[ˈaʎ.ʎu]]] || ∅ || — | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[w: | | [[w:I|I]], i || i [[IPA for Luthic|[ˈi]]] || eissu [[IPA for Luthic|[ˈis.su]]] || [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|/i/]] or [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|/j/]] || ï | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[w: | | [[w:L|L]], l || elle [[IPA for Luthic|[ˈɛl.le]]] || lagu [[IPA for Luthic|[ˈla.ɣu]]] || [[w:Voiced dental, alveolar and postalveolar lateral approximants|/l/]] || — | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[w: | | [[w:M|M]], m || emme [[IPA for Luthic|[ˈẽ.me]]] || mannu [[IPA for Luthic|[ˈmɐ̃.nu]]] || [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|/m/]] || — | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[w: | | [[w:N|N]], n || enne [[IPA for Luthic|[ˈẽ.ne]]] || nauþu [[IPA for Luthic|[ˈnɔ.θu]]] || [[w:Voiced dental, alveolar and postalveolar nasals|/n/]] || — | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[w: | | [[w:O|O]], o || o [[IPA for Luthic|[ˈɔ]]] || oþalo [[IPA for Luthic|[oˈθa.lo]]] || [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|/o/]] or [[w:Open-mid back rounded vowel|/ɔ/]] || ô | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[w: | | [[w:P|P]], p || pi [[IPA for Luthic|[ˈpi]]] || paerþa [[IPA for Luthic|[ˈpɛr.θɐ]]] || [[w:Voiceless bilabial plosive|/p/]] or [[w:Voiceless bilabial fricative|/ɸ/]] || — | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[w: | | [[w:Q|Q]], q || qoppa [[IPA for Luthic|[ˈkʷɔp.pɐ]]] || qaerþa [[IPA for Luthic|[ˈkᶣɛr.θɐ]]] || [[w:Labialization|/kʷ/]] || — | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[w: | | [[w:R|R]], r || erre [[IPA for Luthic|[ɛrˈre]]] || raeða [[IPA for Luthic|[ˈrɛ.ðɐ]]] || [[w:Voiced dental, alveolar and postalveolar trills|/r/]] || — | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[w: | | [[w:S|S]], s || esse [[IPA for Luthic|[ɛsˈse]]] || sauila [[IPA for Luthic|[ˈsɔj.lɐ]]] || [[w:Voiceless alveolar fricative|/s/]] or [[w:Voiced alveolar fricative|/z/]] || — | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[w: | | [[w:T|T]], t || ti [[IPA for Luthic|[ˈti]]] || teivu [[IPA for Luthic|[ˈti.βu]]] || [[w:Voiceless dental plosive|/t/]] or [[w:Voiceless dental fricative|/θ/]] || — | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[w: | | [[w:Thorn (letter)|Þ]], þ || eþþe [[IPA for Luthic|[ˈɛθ.θe]]] || þaurnu [[IPA for Luthic|[ˈθɔr.nu]]] || [[w:Voiceless dental fricative|/θ/]] || — | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[w:V|V]], v || vi [[IPA for Luthic|[ | | [[w:U|U]], u || u [[IPA for Luthic|[ˈu]]] || uro [[IPA for Luthic|[ˈu.ru]]] || [[w:Close back rounded vowel|/u/]] or [[w:Voiced labial–velar approximant|/w/]] || û, ü | ||
|- | |||
| [[w:V|V]], v || vi [[IPA for Luthic|[ˈβi]]] || viġna [[IPA for Luthic|[ˈβiɲ.ɲɐ]]] || [[w:Voiced bilabial fricative|/β/]] || — | |||
|- | |- | ||
| [[w:Z|Z]], z || zi [[IPA for Luthic|[ˈt͡si]]] || zetta [[IPA for Luthic|[ˈt͡sɛt.tɐ]]] || [[w:Voiceless alveolar affricate|/t͡s/]] or [[w:Voiced alveolar affricate|/d͡z/]] || — | | [[w:Z|Z]], z || zi [[IPA for Luthic|[ˈt͡si]]] || zetta [[IPA for Luthic|[ˈt͡sɛt.tɐ]]] || [[w:Voiceless alveolar affricate|/t͡s/]] or [[w:Voiced alveolar affricate|/d͡z/]] || — | ||