Luthic: Difference between revisions
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Lëtzelúcia (talk | contribs) m (→Upper Luthic) |
Lëtzelúcia (talk | contribs) m (→Upper Luthic) |
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Although general grammar remains very similar, prepositions become more frequent due to a lack of cases. Some sociolects may also lack the neuter gender, fully merging it with the masculine or the feminine (via the plural form). There are also many [[w:Ethnolect|ethnolects]] influenced by regional languages, such as the Lutho-Emilian ethnolect, who has its grammar and vocabulary largely affected and influenced by the [[w:Emilian dialects|Emilian dialects]]. The orthography may also be affected, since Upper Luthic lacks a regulatory body: | Although general grammar remains very similar, prepositions become more frequent due to a lack of cases. Some sociolects may also lack the neuter gender, fully merging it with the masculine or the feminine (via the plural form). There are also many [[w:Ethnolect|ethnolects]] influenced by regional languages, such as the Lutho-Emilian ethnolect, who has its grammar and vocabulary largely affected and influenced by the [[w:Emilian dialects|Emilian dialects]]. The orthography may also be affected, since Upper Luthic lacks a regulatory body: | ||
* ⟨gi⟩ or ⟨j⟩ for /ʒ/: Standard Ravennese Luthic ''giâ'' [ˈd͡ʒa], Upper Luthic ''gia'' or ''ja'' [ʒɐ]; | * ⟨gi⟩ or ⟨j⟩ for [[IPA for Luthic#Upper_Luthic|/ʒ/]]: Standard Ravennese Luthic ''giâ'' [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[ˈd͡ʒa]]], Upper Luthic ''gia'' or ''ja'' [[IPA for Luthic#Upper_Luthic|[ʒɐ]]]; | ||
* ⟨gl⟩ or ⟨lh⟩ for /ʎ/: Standard Ravennese Luthic ''gli'' [ʎi], Upper Luthic ''gli'' or ''lhi'' [ʎi]; | * ⟨gl⟩ or ⟨lh⟩ for [[IPA for Luthic#Upper_Luthic|/ʎ/]]: Standard Ravennese Luthic ''gli'' [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[ʎi]]], Upper Luthic ''gli'' or ''lhi'' [[IPA for Luthic#Upper_Luthic|[ʎi]]]; | ||
* ⟨gn⟩ or ⟨nh⟩ for /ɲ/: Standard Ravennese Luthic ''signore'' [siɲˈɲo.re], Upper Luthic ''signor'' or ''sinhor'' [si.ɲoɾ]; | * ⟨gn⟩ or ⟨nh⟩ for [[IPA for Luthic#Upper_Luthic|/ɲ/]]: Standard Ravennese Luthic ''signore'' [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[siɲˈɲo.re]]], Upper Luthic ''signor'' or ''sinhor'' [[IPA for Luthic#Upper_Luthic|[si.ɲoɾ]]]; | ||
* ⟨eu⟩, ⟨y⟩ or ⟨ü⟩ for /y/: Standard Ravennese Luthic ''niu'' [nju], Upper Luthic ''neu'', ''ny'' or ''nü'' [ny]; | * ⟨eu⟩, ⟨y⟩ or ⟨ü⟩ for [[IPA for Luthic#Upper_Luthic|/y/]]: Standard Ravennese Luthic ''niu'' [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[nju]]], Upper Luthic ''neu'', ''ny'' or ''nü''[[IPA for Luthic#Upper_Luthic| [ny]]]; | ||
* Disagreement on voiceless terminal consonant spelling: Standard Ravennese Luthic ''ac'' [ɐx], Upper Luthic ''ac'' or ''ag'' [ɐk]; Standard Ravennese Luthic ''garda'' [ˈɡar.dɐ], Upper Luthic ''gart'' or ''gard'' [ɡɐɾt]. | * Disagreement on voiceless terminal consonant spelling: Standard Ravennese Luthic ''ac'' [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[ɐx]]], Upper Luthic ''ac'' or ''ag'' [[IPA for Luthic#Upper_Luthic|[ɐk]]]; Standard Ravennese Luthic ''garda'' [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[ˈɡar.dɐ]]], Upper Luthic ''gart'' or ''gard'' [[IPA for Luthic#Upper_Luthic|[ɡɐɾt]]]. | ||
Another problem with Upper Luthic lacking a regulatory body is the lack of official statistics: | Another problem with Upper Luthic lacking a regulatory body is the lack of official statistics: | ||
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* | * /k/ and /ɡ/ are described as pre-velar [[w:Voiceless_velar_plosive#cite_note-1|[k̟]]] and [[w:Voiceless_velar_plosive#cite_note-1|[ɡ̟]]] to palatal [[w:Voiceless palatal plosive|[c]]] and [[w:Voiced palatal plosive|[ɟ]]] before [[IPA for Luthic#Upper_Luthic|/i, e, ɛ, j/]]; | ||
* | * /ʃ/ and /ʒ/ are not labialised and are in free variation with [[w:Voiceless retroflex fricative|[ʂ]]] and [[w:Voiced retroflex fricative|[ʐ]]]; | ||
* | * /ʀ/ is in free variation with [[w:Voiced dental, alveolar and postalveolar trills|[r]]]; | ||
* | * /ʎ/ may be described as a fricative [[w:Voiced palatal lateral fricative|[ʎ̝]]]. | ||
====Upper Luthic morphology==== | ====Upper Luthic morphology==== | ||