User:MIGUELbM/Muna v2.9: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
(Created page with "{{Infobox language |name = Muna |nativename = x45pxx45pxx45pxFile:MunaS...")
 
No edit summary
Line 25: Line 25:
!Glottal
!Glottal
|-
|-
! colspan="2" |Plosive
! colspan="2" |Stop
| colspan="2" style="border-right:none;" |p
| colspan="2" style="border-right:none;" |p
| colspan="2" style="border-right:none;" |t
| colspan="2" style="border-right:none;" |t
Line 79: Line 79:
|
|
|}
|}
<span style="font-size:60%">{{navbar|Muna Consonants|mini=1}}</span>


===Vowels===
===Vowels===
Line 102: Line 101:
|ɒ
|ɒ
|}
|}
<span style="font-size:60%">{{navbar|Muna Vowels|mini=1}}</span>
===Diphthongs===
===Diphthongs===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center"
! style="width:30px" |
! style="width:30px" |
! style="width:30px" |i
! style="width:30px" |a
! style="width:30px" |u
! style="width:30px" |e
! style="width:30px" |ɒ
! style="width:30px" |o
|-
|-
!a
!i
|ai
|ai
|
|-
!e
|ei
|ei
|
| &mdash;
| &mdash;
|-
|-
!ɒ
!u
|
| &mdash;
| &mdash;
|ɒu
|ɒu
|-
!o
|
|ou
|ou
|}
|}
<span style="font-size:60%">{{navbar|Muna Dipthongs|mini=1}}</span>
===Phonotactics===
===Phonotactics===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
Line 140: Line 135:
|
|
* Consonant
* Consonant
* /s/ + stop
|
|
* Semivowel
* Semivowel
* Liquid
* Liquid
* Plosive
* /s/
* /s/
|
|
Line 155: Line 150:
* Liquid + nasal
* Liquid + nasal
|}
|}
<span style="font-size:60%">{{navbar|Muna Phonotactics|mini=1}}</span>


'''Initial (ι)'''
'''Initial (ι)'''
* Initials are optional word-initially and mandatory elsewhere
* Initials are optional word-initially and mandatory elsewhere
* Can’t have the same manner of articulation as a preceding coda
* Can’t have the same manner of articulation as a preceding coda
* /s/ + stop is only allowed word-initially
'''Medial (μ)'''
'''Medial (μ)'''
* Medials are optional
* Medials are optional
Line 165: Line 160:
* Plosives are only allowed after /s/
* Plosives are only allowed after /s/
* /s/ Is only allowed after nasals or liquids
* /s/ Is only allowed after nasals or liquids
* /s/ is forbidden on a first syllable or after a syllable with coda
* /s/ is forbidden on a first syllable or after a closed syllable
'''Nucleus (ν)'''
'''Nucleus (ν)'''
* Nuclei are mandatory
* Nuclei are mandatory
Line 218: Line 213:


===Ortography===
===Ortography===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:center;"
! colspan="4" | Ortography
|-
! style="width:60px" rowspan="2" | Krotan
! style="width:60px" rowspan="2" | Krotan
! colspan="2" | Romanization
! colspan="2" | Romanization
Line 346: Line 343:
===Phonotactic restrictions===
===Phonotactic restrictions===


Verbs must end in one of the following patterns:
Verbs in their infinitive form must end in one of the following patterns:


*<code>-a</code>
*<code>-a</code>
*<code>-an</code>
*<code>-an</code>
===Tense===
Muna does not inflect its verbs for tense, instead, speakers can use a time word or adverb for this purpose.
===Aspect===
* <code>Gnomic</code>
* <code>Perfective</code>
* <code>Imperfective</code>
* <code>Ingressive</code>
* <code>Pausative</code>
* <code>Resumptive</code>
* <code>Egressive</code>
===Mood===
Mood, like tense, is indicated by a dependent adverb.
===Dependency structure===
===Dependency structure===


Line 361: Line 377:
| style="padding: 4px 15px;" | Aspect
| style="padding: 4px 15px;" | Aspect
|}
|}
===Modifier===
A modifier is a word, often an adposition, which modifies the meaning of the verb. Direction of the verb can be marked by an adposition and a locative case marking the corresponding noun.
:{{abbtip|First person|1s}}.{{abbtip|Nominative (agent)|nom|sc}} {{abbtip|First person|1s}}.{{abbtip|Genitive|gen|sc}} home.{{abbtip|Locative|loc|sc}} from walk.{{abbtip|Imperfective|impv|sc}} → "I'm walking from my home"
===Tense===
Muna does not inflect its verbs for tense, instead, speakers can use a time word or adverb for this purpose.
===Aspect===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
! style="width:100px;" | Aspect
! style="width:60px;" | Abbr.
! style="width:70px;" | Suffix
! Description
|-
|'''Gnomic'''
|{{abbtip|Gnomic|gno|sc}}
|
| style="text-align:left;" | Expresses general truths and aphorisms in which time structure is irrelevant
|-
|'''Perfective'''
|{{abbtip|Perfective|pfv|sc}}
|
| style="text-align:left;" | Indicates an event viewed in its entirety, without reference to its temporal structure during its occurrence.
|-
|'''Imperfective'''
|{{abbtip|Imperfective|ipfv|sc}}
| -∅
| style="text-align:left;" | Indicates an action which is ongoing, evolving and/or habitual.
|-
|'''Ingressive'''
|{{abbtip|Ingressive|ingr|sc}}
|
| style="text-align:left;" | Marks the beginning of a new action or the acquisition of a state.
|-
|'''Pausative'''
|{{abbtip|Pausative|paus|sc}}
|
| style="text-align:left;" | Marks the atelic cessation of an action and may imply a future continuation.
|-
|'''Resumptive'''
|{{abbtip|Resumptive|res|sc}}
|
| style="text-align:left;" | Marks the continuation of an unfinished or unfinishable action.
|-
|'''Egressive'''
|{{abbtip|Egressive|egr|sc}}
|
| style="text-align:left;" | Marks the cessation and completion of an action.
|}
===Mood===
Mood, like tense, is indicated by a dependent adverb.


==Nouns==
==Nouns==
Line 431: Line 390:


'''Gender'''
'''Gender'''
*Masculine
*:Last vowel is <code>e, ei</code>
*Feminine
*:Last vowel is <code>a, ai</code>
*Neuter
*:Last vowel is <code>i</code>


'''Strength'''
*<code>Feminine</code>
*Weak
*<code>Masculine</code>
*:The word ends in a vowel
*<code>Neuter</code>
*Strong
 
*:The word ends in a consonant
'''Weight'''
 
*<code>Light</code>
*<code>Heavy</code>
 
===Case===
 
* <code>Nominative</code>
* <code>Absolutive</code>
* <code>Dative</code>
* <code>Genitive</code>
* <code>Locative</code>
* <code>Instrumental</code>
 
===Number===
 
* <code>Singular</code>
* <code>Plural</code>
* <code>Singulative</code>
* <code>Mass</code>
* <code>Plurative</code>


===Dependency structure===
===Dependency structure===
Line 456: Line 429:
| style="padding: 4px 15px;" | Case
| style="padding: 4px 15px;" | Case
| style="padding: 4px 15px;" | Number
| style="padding: 4px 15px;" | Number
|}
===Case===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
! style="width:100px" rowspan="2"|Case
! style="width:50px" rowspan="2"|Abbr.
!colspan="3"|Declension
!rowspan="2"|Description
|-
! style="width:80px" | <small>Masculine</small>
! style="width:80px" | <small>Feminine</small>
! style="width:80px" | <small>Neuter</small>
|-
| '''Nominative'''
|{{abbtip|Nominative|nom|sc}}
|
|
|
| style="text-align:left;" | The nominative case marks the agent or voluntary experiencer of the action, it is also the citation form.
|-
| '''Absolutive'''
|{{abbtip|Absolutive|abs|sc}}
|
|
|
| style="text-align:left;" | The absolutive case marks the patient or involuntary experiencer of the action.
|-
| '''Dative'''
|{{abbtip|Dative|dat|sc}}
|
|
|
| style="text-align:left;" | The dative case marks the indirect object, often the recipient or beneficiary of the action
|-
| '''Genitive'''
|{{abbtip|Genitive|grn|sc}}
|
|
|
| style="text-align:left;" | The genitive marks indicates ownership of or relation with something
|-
| '''Locative'''
|{{abbtip|Locative|loc|sc}}
|
|
|
| style="text-align:left;" | The locative indicates a location for the action (whether it is origin, destination, means or other depends on the verb)
|-
| '''Instrumental'''
|{{abbtip|Instrumental|ins|sc}}
|
|
|
| style="text-align:left;" | The instrumental marks a tool or person with which the action was carried out
|}
===Number===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
! colspan="2" style="width:100px" | Number
! Suffix
! style="width:200px" | Description
! style="width:100px" | English
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''<div style="transform:rotate(270deg)">Count</div>'''
| style="width:100px;" | '''Singular'''
| style="width:60px;" |  -∅
| style="text-align:left;" |  Single instance
| style="text-align:left;" | ''pen''
|-
| '''Plural'''
|
| style="text-align:left;" |  Multiple instances
| style="text-align:left;" | ''pens''
|-
| rowspan="3" | '''<div style="transform:rotate(270deg)">Mass</div>'''
| '''Singulative'''
|
| style="text-align:left;" |  Single unit of the instance
| style="text-align:left;" | ''a drop of water''
|-
| '''Mass'''
| -∅
| style="text-align:left;" |  Single instance
| style="text-align:left;" | ''water''
|-
| '''Plurative'''
|
| style="text-align:left;" |  Multiple instances
| style="text-align:left;" | ''waters''
|}
|}


Line 571: Line 453:


==Muna Versions==
==Muna Versions==
Current version is v2.8, other versions hosted on Linguifex are below
Current version is v2.9, other versions hosted on Linguifex are below
* [[Muna/v21|Muna v21]]
* [[Muna|Muna v2.8]]
* [[User:MIGUELbM/Muna_v2.1|Muna v2.1]]
Retrieved from "https://linguifex.com/wiki/User:MIGUELbM/Muna_v2.9"