North-East Antarctican: Difference between revisions
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(→Noun Phrases: Possession) |
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Also, the honorific human prefix /hɨʔa-/ and the prefix for children /kɨʔa-/ labialise any following dorsal consonant (palatal, velar and uvular). The only exception to this is lateral consonants, which have no labialised equivalents. | Also, the honorific human prefix /hɨʔa-/ and the prefix for children /kɨʔa-/ labialise any following dorsal consonant (palatal, velar and uvular). The only exception to this is lateral consonants, which have no labialised equivalents. | ||
===Possession=== | |||
====Possessive Pronouns==== | |||
Possessive pronouns occupy the same syntactic "slot" as adnominal demonstratives and noun class particles. They also cause replacement of any subsequent glottal consonant, and have different allomorphs depending on the stressed vowel phonation of the following word. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! Class !! Breathy Phonation !! Tense Phonation !! Breathy Phonation + Initial Glottal Cons. !! Tense Phonation + Initial Glottal Cons. | |||
|- | |||
| 1st Person Singular || mə- || mɨha- || mɨhəj- || mɨhaj- | |||
|- | |||
| 1st Person Plural || haɴsɨ- || haɴsɨ- || haɴs- || haɴs- | |||
|- | |||
| 2nd Person || jəhɨ- || jəhɨ- || jɨw- || jɨw- | |||
|- | |||
| 3rd Person Masculine Singular || qɨɻɨ- || qɨɾʲɨ- || qɨɻ- || qɨɾʲ- | |||
|- | |||
| 3rd Person Feminine Singular || qɨ- || qɨ- || kɨʀ- || kɨʀ- | |||
|- | |||
| 3rd Person Nonhuman|| hɨsɨ- || hɨsɨ- || hɨs- || hɨs- | |||
|- | |||
| 3rd Person Plural || dʷɨʔə- || dʷɨʔa- || dɨʔəʀ- || dɨʔəʀ- | |||
|- | |||
| 3rd Person Honorific || jɨɫɨ- || jɨɫɨ- || jɨɫ- || jɨɫ- | |||
|} | |||
====Alienable and Inalienable Possession==== | |||
If a noun is possessed by a pronoun, possessive grammar is relatively simple. But if the possessor is another noun in the sentence, then things get more complicated. | |||
The same pronouns as above are used to mark the possessed noun, but the location of the possessor depends on whether or not the possession is alienable or inalienable. | |||
In the case of inalienable possession, the word order is Possessed - Possessor e.g. | |||
dɨʔa=bəˈhɨ̰ɴ ɾʲɨmʲ=ɨˈɲɨ̰ | |||
3PS.POSS.PL=bone animal.PL=dog | |||
Dogs' bones (in their bodies) | |||
In the case of alienable possession, the word order is the opposite (i.e. Possessor - Possessed) e.g. | |||
ɾʲɨmʲ=ɨˈɲɨ̰ dɨʔa=bəˈhɨ̰ɴ | |||
animal.PL=dog 3PS.POSS.PL=bone | |||
Dogs' bones (that they eat / play with / bury etc.) | |||