Seggeynni: Difference between revisions
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===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
The vowel system is quite similar to Thangha'. In stressed syllables, there are 6 vowel phonemes /iː/, /uː/, /e/, /o/ and /aː/ and / | The vowel system is quite similar to Thangha'. In stressed syllables, there are 6 vowel phonemes /iː/, /uː/, /e/, /o/ and /aː/ and /ə/. | ||
As in Thangha', the length of the vowel is more important than the quality in contrasting /iː/ and /uː/ vs. /e/ and /o/. Secondary articulation on surrounding consonants "pulls" the vowels around a fair bit. | As in Thangha', the length of the vowel is more important than the quality in contrasting /iː/ and /uː/ vs. /e/ and /o/. Secondary articulation on surrounding consonants "pulls" the vowels around a fair bit. | ||
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====Nasal Consonants==== | ====Nasal Consonants==== | ||
A schwa has a strong tendency to be lost if it occurs immediately after a nasal consonant, and immediately before a stop or affricate. In this case, the nasal changes it's place or articulation to be homorganic with the stop / affricate e.g. | A schwa has a strong tendency to be lost if it occurs immediately after a nasal consonant, and immediately before a stop or affricate. In this case, the nasal changes it's place or articulation to be homorganic with the stop / affricate e.g. .... (here and below, the parts of the word that undergo assimilation have been marked in bold). | ||
If a schwa occurs between two nasal consonants, it is elided, along with the preceding consonant. In its place, the following nasal is geminated e.g. | If a schwa occurs between two nasal consonants, it is elided, along with the preceding consonant. In its place, the following nasal is geminated e.g. ... | ||
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An extremely common phonetic process involves /j/, /w/ or /ɥ/ flanked on both sides by /a/ or /ə/. The second vowel is deleted, and the semivowel assimilates with the preceding vowel to form a diphthong. /ajə/ and /aja/ become [ai], /awə/ and /awa/ become [au], /aɥə/ and /aɥa/ become [aʉ]. Likewise /əjə/ and /əja/ become [əi], /əwə/ and /əwa/ become [əu], /əɥə/ and /əɥa/ become [əʉ]. An example of this is in the name of the language, /ˈséʕk'''ə̀jə̀'''nə̀jə̀/, which is pronounced as [ˈséɠː'''ə̀i'''ɲːì]. | An extremely common phonetic process involves /j/, /w/ or /ɥ/ flanked on both sides by /a/ or /ə/. The second vowel is deleted, and the semivowel assimilates with the preceding vowel to form a diphthong. /ajə/ and /aja/ become [ai], /awə/ and /awa/ become [au], /aɥə/ and /aɥa/ become [aʉ]. Likewise /əjə/ and /əja/ become [əi], /əwə/ and /əwa/ become [əu], /əɥə/ and /əɥa/ become [əʉ]. An example of this is in the name of the language, /ˈséʕk'''ə̀jə̀'''nə̀jə̀/, which is pronounced as [ˈséɠː'''ə̀i'''ɲːì]. | ||
This differs from the previous processes in two ways. Firstly because it can delete not only schwa, but also /a/. Secondly because it can delete | This differs from the previous processes in two ways. Firstly because it can delete not only schwa, but also /a/. Secondly because it can delete vowels in any syllable, even if it bears stress or comes after the stressed syllable. For example /ʔáɫáːˈwə̰̀nə̀/ [ʔɑ́ˈɫɑ̀ːṵnə̀] - "alone" (restrictive). If a stressed vowel is deleted in this way, the resulting diphthong bears stress (as in the previous example). | ||
====Conflicting Processes==== | ====Conflicting Processes==== | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| snare || /ɲḛ̂/ || [ɲḛ̂ʢ] || [n̥ḛ̂ː] || */n̥ḛ̂/ | | snare || /ɲḛ̂/ || [ɲḛ̂ʢ] || [n̥ḛ̂ː] || */n̥ḛ̂/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| forgetfulness || /jámə́ˈɲì̤ːjà/ || [jɛ́ˈɲːì̤ːjà] || [ámˈnèi̤jà] || */ɛ́mˈnèi̤jà/ | | forgetfulness || /jámə́ˈɲì̤ːjà/ || [jɛ́ˈɲːì̤ːjà] || [ámˈnèi̤jà] || */ɛ́mˈnèi̤jà/ | ||
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For example: | For example: | ||
/ˈjḛ̂ɲə̀mə̀jə̀ ˈqòʔɲátə́=pə́má | /ˈjḛ̂ɲə̀mə̀jə̀ ˈqòʔɲátə́=pə́má dʑə́ˈpˤâ̰ːɽə̀ ˈwà̰ːnə́ mǎ̤ːnə̀/ | ||
[ | [ˈjîʢɲìmːʲì ˈqɔ̀ɲ̰ːɛ́pːə́má ˈdʑɘ́ˈpˤɑ̰̂ːɽʌ̀ ˈwà̰ːnə́ mǎ̤ːnə̀] | ||
enemy Hkónat=from depart.ATEL one month.ADV | enemy Hkónat=from depart.ATEL one month.ADV | ||
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/ˈjḛ̂ɲə̀mə̀jə̀ ˈqòʔɲátə́=pə́má dʑə́ˈpˤâ̰ːɽə̀-ɕə́ŋə́ ˈwà̰ːnə́ mǎ̤ːnə̀/ | /ˈjḛ̂ɲə̀mə̀jə̀ ˈqòʔɲátə́=pə́má dʑə́ˈpˤâ̰ːɽə̀-ɕə́ŋə́ ˈwà̰ːnə́ mǎ̤ːnə̀/ | ||
[ | [ˈjîʢɲìmːʲì ˈqɔ̀ɲ̰ːɛ́pːə́má ˈdʑɘ́ˈpˤɑ̰̀ːɽɘ́ɕíⁿ ˈwà̰ːnə́ mǎ̤ːnə̀] | ||
enemy Hkónat=from depart.TEL one month.ADV | enemy Hkónat=from depart.TEL one month.ADV | ||
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/ˈjḛ̂ɲə̀mə̀jə̀ xə́ˈʎíːʔpə̀/ | /ˈjḛ̂ɲə̀mə̀jə̀ xə́ˈʎíːʔpə̀/ | ||
[ | [ˈjîʢɲìmːʲì xíˈʎíəɓːə̀] | ||
enemy sleep.ATEL | enemy sleep.ATEL | ||
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|} | |} | ||
Due to a sound change, the 2nd person intransitive | Due to a sound change, the emphatic forms of the 2nd person intransitive pronoun and the 1st person inclusive genitive alienable / ergative pronoun have become homophones. However, due to social norms, the 2nd person emphatic pronouns are very rarely used at all. So whenever /jṵ̀ː/ is heard, it can be assumed to be the emphatic form of the 1st person genitive alienable / ergative pronoun. | ||