Kämpya: Difference between revisions
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To topicalise a noun in a postpositional phrase, Kämpya uses applicative constructions [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applicative_voice]. These are formed by first shifting the noun in the absolutive case to the end of the sentence (and marking it with the dative clitic /-àuŋ/). In turn, the noun that the postposition was attached to goes into the absolutive case (and changes to Tone Class 1), and the postposition is placed after the verb as a clitic e.g. from the sentence: | To topicalise a noun in a postpositional phrase, Kämpya uses applicative constructions [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applicative_voice]. These are formed by first shifting the noun in the absolutive case to the end of the sentence (and marking it with the dative clitic /-àuŋ/). In turn, the noun that the postposition was attached to goes into the absolutive case (and changes to Tone Class 1), and the postposition is placed after the verb as a clitic e.g. from the sentence: | ||
/ˈdô̰k=zù | /ˈdô̰k=zù pʰò̤wé=ká ˈbíʔ ˈlḭ̂zàd/ | ||
dog=ERG forest=LOC bite lizard | dog=ERG forest=LOC bite lizard | ||
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we can apply an applicative transformation to get: | we can apply an applicative transformation to get: | ||
/ | /pʰò̤wè ˈdô̰k=zù ˈbíʔ=kà ˈlḭ̂zàd=àuŋ/ | ||
forest dog=ERG bite=LOC lizard=DAT | forest dog=ERG bite=LOC lizard=DAT | ||
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When a pronoun is the object of the verb to be put into the applicative voice, the subject is put into the dative case instead e.g. when we apply the applicative voice to | When a pronoun is the object of the verb to be put into the applicative voice, the subject is put into the dative case instead e.g. when we apply the applicative voice to | ||
/dô̰k | /dô̰k pʰò̤wé=ká njí=ˈbíʔ/ | ||
dog forest=LOC 2PS.ACC=bite | dog forest=LOC 2PS.ACC=bite | ||
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we get | we get | ||
/ | /pʰò̤wè njí=ˈbíʔ=kà dô̰k=àuŋ/ | ||
forest 2PS.ACC=bite=LOC dog=DAT | forest 2PS.ACC=bite=LOC dog=DAT | ||
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This is clearly a cliticisation process, since adverbs can come before the particle but after the verb e.g. | This is clearly a cliticisation process, since adverbs can come before the particle but after the verb e.g. | ||
/ | /pʰò̤wè ˈdô̰k=zù bíʔ ˈˈjě̤tài=kà ˈlḭ̂zàd=àuŋ/ | ||
forest dog=ERG bite yesterday.ADV=LOC lizard=DAT | forest dog=ERG bite yesterday.ADV=LOC lizard=DAT | ||
In the forest, the dog bit the lizard. | In the forest, the dog bit the lizard. | ||
==Noun Phrases== | ==Noun Phrases== | ||