Kämpya: Difference between revisions
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The basic way to negate something is to place the clitic /na/ immediately before it e.g. from the sentence | The basic way to negate something is to place the clitic /na/ immediately before it e.g. from the sentence | ||
/ | /té=bíʔ dô̰k/ | ||
2PS.ACC=bite dog. | 2PS.ACC=bite dog. | ||
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We can say | We can say | ||
/ | /té=ná=bíʔ dô̰k/ | ||
2PS.ACC=NEG=bite dog | 2PS.ACC=NEG=bite dog | ||
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as well as | as well as | ||
/ná= | /ná=té=bíʔ dô̰k/ | ||
NEG=2PS.ACC=bite dog | NEG=2PS.ACC=bite dog | ||
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and | and | ||
/ | /té=bíʔ ná=dô̰k/ | ||
2PS.ACC=bite NEG=dog | 2PS.ACC=bite NEG=dog | ||
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However, when a noun is topicalised, it cannot be attached to /na/. So */ná́=dô̰g | However, when a noun is topicalised, it cannot be attached to /na/. So */ná́=dô̰g té=bíʔ/ is ungrammatical. | ||
As we can see, /na/ can attach to either nouns or verbs. It can also attach to adjectives e.g. | As we can see, /na/ can attach to either nouns or verbs. It can also attach to adjectives e.g. | ||
/ | /té=bíʔ ná=m̥ôṵ dô̰k/ | ||
2PS.ACC=bite NEG=small.REST dog | 2PS.ACC=bite NEG=small.REST dog | ||
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And adverbs e.g. | And adverbs e.g. | ||
/ | /té=bíʔ nà=déiʔp dô̰k/ | ||
2PS.ACC=bite NEG=deep.ADV dog | 2PS.ACC=bite NEG=deep.ADV dog | ||
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However, if the word after /na/ begins with a vowel, an epenthetic /w/ is inserted e.g. | However, if the word after /na/ begins with a vowel, an epenthetic /w/ is inserted e.g. | ||
/ | /té=náw=áˈlâṵn dô̰k/ | ||
2PS.ACC=NEG=abandon dog | 2PS.ACC=NEG=abandon dog | ||
You weren't abandoned by the dog. | You weren't abandoned by the dog. | ||
===Necessitative Mood=== | ===Necessitative Mood=== | ||