Old Nurian: Difference between revisions
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===Nouns and adjectives=== | ===Nouns and adjectives=== | ||
<poem> | <poem> | ||
Old !Zoom evolved from Primitive !Zoom via syncope, umlaut and resulting clusters becoming clicks. Only nasal+C clusters are allowed in Old Zoom; it also has a distinctive Old Irish-like stress pattern. | Old !Zoom evolved from Primitive !Zoom via syncope, umlaut and resulting clusters becoming clicks. Only nasal+C clusters are allowed in Old Zoom; it also has evolved a distinctive Old Irish-like stress pattern. | ||
Nouns and adjectives in Old Zoom: | Nouns and adjectives in Old Zoom: | ||
Like Primitive !Zoom, Old !Zoom is a fusional language with Austronesian alignment. Nouns and adjectives have two numbers, singular and plural, and three cases: direct, indirect and "genitive" (used after prepositions). | Like Primitive !Zoom, Old !Zoom is a fusional language with Austronesian alignment. Nouns and adjectives have two numbers, singular and plural, and three cases: direct, indirect and "genitive" (used after prepositions). | ||
Construct state is used for possessive noun phrases, which are head-initial; unusually, case is marked on the LAST noun in a construct noun phrase. | Construct state is used for possessive noun phrases, which are head-initial; unusually, case is marked on the LAST noun in a construct noun phrase. | ||
Case is often marked by a definite article which triggers mutations on the noun, as in Irish. There are two kinds of mutations: click mutation, nasal mutation and h-prothesis (h-prothesis only occurs in vowel-initial words). | Case is often marked by a definite article which triggers mutations on the noun, as in Irish. There are two kinds of mutations: click mutation, nasal mutation and h-prothesis (h-prothesis only occurs in vowel-initial words). | ||
Adjectives agree with nouns in the kind of mutation that they take. | Adjectives agree with nouns in the kind of mutation that they take. | ||
(Note: A buffer [ə] may be added between two clicks.) | (Note: A buffer [ə] may be added between two clicks.) | ||
A masculine noun: pódŋh /po:ŋ!ʰ/ "stone" | A masculine noun: pódŋh /po:ŋ!ʰ/ "stone" | ||
Singular: | Singular: | ||
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Plural: | Plural: | ||
dir: pódŋha-C /'po:ŋ!ʰa/ < pônkhâk | dir: pódŋha-C /'po:ŋ!ʰa/ < pônkhâk | ||
ind: pódŋhe-C /'po:ŋ!ʰe/ < pônkhêk | ind: pódŋhe-C /'po:ŋ!ʰe/ < pônkhêk | ||
gen: pódŋhi /'po:ŋ!ʰi/ < pônkhai | gen: pódŋhi /'po:ŋ!ʰi/ < pônkhai | ||
const: pódŋhu /'po:ŋ!ʰu/ < pônkhau | const: pódŋhu /'po:ŋ!ʰu/ < pônkhau | ||
A feminine noun: tíjŋ = a species of songbird | A feminine noun: tíjŋ = a species of songbird | ||
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gen: tíjŋi /'ti:ŋǂi/ < tîŋičai | gen: tíjŋi /'ti:ŋǂi/ < tîŋičai | ||
const: tíjŋu /'ti:ŋǂu/ < tîŋičau | const: tíjŋu /'ti:ŋǂu/ < tîŋičau | ||
With a definite article and an adjective this becomes: | With a definite article and an adjective this becomes: | ||
(Masculine example: ca pódŋh dún "the good stone") | (Masculine example: ca pódŋh dún "the good stone") | ||
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Plural: | Plural: | ||
dir: kha díjŋa núnu /kʰa 'di:ŋǂa nu:nu/ < khaŋ tîŋičâŋ dûnûŋ | dir: kha díjŋa núnu /kʰa 'di:ŋǂa nu:nu/ < khaŋ tîŋičâŋ dûnûŋ | ||
ind: khi díjŋe núnu /kʰe ' | ind: khi díjŋe núnu /kʰe 'di:ŋǂe nu:nu/ < khiŋ tîŋičêŋ dûnûŋ | ||
gen: khi tíjŋi dúnu /kʰi ' | gen: khi tíjŋi dúnu /kʰi 'ti:ŋǂi du:nu/ < khai tîŋičai dûnû | ||
const: tíjŋu dúnu /' | const: tíjŋu dúnu /'ti:ŋǂu du:nu/ < tîŋičau dûnû | ||
</poem> | </poem> | ||