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Tigol/Proto-Tigol: Difference between revisions
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====Irregular nouns==== | ====Irregular nouns==== | ||
====Irregular definiteness==== | ====Fossilized case marking==== | ||
====Fossilized cases==== | A descendant of a language with developed noun and adjective cases, Themsaran preserves vestigial case marking. | ||
=====Irregular definiteness===== | |||
The definite unpossessed inflection is a generalization from the accusative case, which marked the definite direct object in addition to adverbial uses, certain oblique objects and time expressions. As such definiteness is required in objects of a small number of prepositions and verbs, and some time expressions and adverbial expressions. | |||
=====Fossilized oblique cases===== | |||
===Adjectives=== | ===Adjectives=== | ||
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|} | |} | ||
==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||
The default constituent order is (time-place)-verb-subject-pronominal oblique object-direct object-(place-time). Any constituent may be topicalized or focalized by being placed in front of the verb. | The default constituent order is (time-place)-verb-subject-pronominal oblique object-direct object-(place-time). Any constituent may be topicalized or focalized by being placed in front of the verb. | ||
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"X has Y" is expressed with the verb ''[[Themsaran/gîe|gîe]]'' (exist, there is) followed by the possessive noun phrase "Y-indefinite-of X", if X is animate. If X is inanimate, the construction ''X ā Y'' ('X is with Y') is used. | "X has Y" is expressed with the verb ''[[Themsaran/gîe|gîe]]'' (exist, there is) followed by the possessive noun phrase "Y-indefinite-of X", if X is animate. If X is inanimate, the construction ''X ā Y'' ('X is with Y') is used. | ||
===Relative clauses=== | ===Subordinating clauses=== | ||
Themsaran prefers sentences with one tensed realis verb, with infinitives, jussives or participles in subordinate clauses (except usually in complement clauses). | |||
====Subordinating conjunctions==== | |||
''ach'': although | |||
''ānne'': when (with finite verb) | |||
''ar'': if (provisional) | |||
''at'': or | |||
''gin'': if (metaphorical/counterfactual) | |||
''ie'': and | |||
''um'': xor/nand | |||
''nit'': if (gnomic) | |||
''seim'': but, however | |||
====Relative clauses==== | |||
The participial relative clause is introduced with a participle. An active participle's possessor is the object and a passive participle's possessor is the agent. | The participial relative clause is introduced with a participle. An active participle's possessor is the object and a passive participle's possessor is the agent. | ||
The finite relative clause is introduced optionally with a relativizer ''rin'' (non-restrictive and default) or ''nitrôg'' (restrictive; etymologically "whenever"). When the head is omitted, the relativizer is mandatory. | The finite relative clause is introduced optionally with a relativizer ''rin'' (non-restrictive and default) or ''nitrôg'' (restrictive; etymologically "whenever"). When the head is omitted, the relativizer is mandatory. | ||
====Complement clauses==== | |||
===Negation=== | ===Negation=== | ||