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Qino: Difference between revisions
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Qino does not have distinctive tone, but stressed vowels are pronounced with a higher pitch. A question is indicated with a falling intonation. | Qino does not have distinctive tone, but stressed vowels are pronounced with a higher pitch. A question is indicated with a falling intonation. | ||
==== | ====Accent==== | ||
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If a word contains a syllable with a high/rising/falling tone (indicated with an accute accent), that syllable is stressed. If there are multiple, primary stress falls on the final. If the word consists exclusively of low tones, stress falls on the final "long" syllable (i.e. syllable that is closed and/or contains a long vowel), or on the initial syllable if all are short. | If a word contains a syllable with a high/rising/falling tone (indicated with an accute accent), that syllable is stressed. If there are multiple, primary stress falls on the final. If the word consists exclusively of low tones, stress falls on the final "long" syllable (i.e. syllable that is closed and/or contains a long vowel), or on the initial syllable if all are short. | ||
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By default, primary stress falls on the last "long" syllable (i.e. syllable that is closed and/or contains a long vowel). If there are no long syllables, the initial syllable is stressed. Words that do not conform to this rule are indicated in this article with an acute accent. Some exceptions are nouns that end in a consonant in the absolutive and words nominalized with ''-n/m'', which behave as if they ended in a vowel (e.g. ''Maxammad'' is pronounced ''Maxámmad'', not ''Maxammád''). A word may contain multiple stressed syllables, in which case primary stress falls on the final stressed syllable. | By default, primary stress falls on the last "long" syllable (i.e. syllable that is closed and/or contains a long vowel). If there are no long syllables, the initial syllable is stressed. Words that do not conform to this rule are indicated in this article with an acute accent. Some exceptions are nouns that end in a consonant in the absolutive and words nominalized with ''-n/m'', which behave as if they ended in a vowel (e.g. ''Maxammad'' is pronounced ''Maxámmad'', not ''Maxammád''). A word may contain multiple stressed syllables, in which case primary stress falls on the final stressed syllable. | ||
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A final long vowel is | A final long vowel is accented by default. If the word ends in a consonant or semi-vowel, the final vowel is accented. If the word ends in a vowel, the penultimate syllable is accented. Words that differ from these rules indicate the accented vowel with an acute accent in the Latin orthography. <!--Secondary stress is usually not indicated, but it may be indicated with a grave accent (this article does so somewhat inconsistently). -->Exceptions include subordinating ''-n'' and enclitics such as ''-ne'' "and", which do not affect stress. | ||
In verbs, | In verbs, accent is fully determined by morphology. Nouns may have distinctive accent. A final accented vowel can be pronounced aspirated in verbs (where it may be written with a final ''-h'') and glottalized in nouns (which may be indicated with an apostrophe). | ||
In a sentence, some words might be unaccented (especially if unfocused), etc. This article mostly focuses on words in isolation, and doesn't go into too much detail on what happens when they come together. | |||
===Phonotactics=== | ===Phonotactics=== | ||