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Celabrian: Difference between revisions
→Vowel harmony
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*''<u>ə</u>'': complex harmonizing vowel (ə/u/i/y) | *''<u>ə</u>'': complex harmonizing vowel (ə/u/i/y) | ||
**Represents back allomorphs (ə/u) when contrasted with ''<u>i</u>'', and unrounded allomorphs (ə/i) when contrasted with ''<u>u</u>'' | **Represents back allomorphs (ə/u) when contrasted with ''<u>i</u>'', and unrounded allomorphs (ə/i) when contrasted with ''<u>u</u>'' | ||
Most prefixes and suffixes harmonize with the nearest vowel in the word they are attached to. Vowels within a word do not necessarily have to agree in frontness/backness. | Most prefixes and suffixes harmonize with the nearest vowel in the word they are attached to. Vowels within a word do not necessarily have to agree in frontness/backness. | ||
====Palatalization==== | ====Palatalization==== | ||
Velar consonants in harmonizing affixes are often palatalized when the harmonizing vowel is fronted. There are some exceptions, such as ''-q'' in the ergative suffix ''-<u>ə</u>q/q''. | Velar and post-velar consonants in harmonizing affixes are often palatalized when the harmonizing vowel is fronted. There are some exceptions, such as ''-q'' in the ergative suffix ''-<u>ə</u>q/q''. In this article, this is indicated with a ring above the consonant: | ||
*k̊: k ~ ḱ | |||
==== | *g̊: g ~ ǵ | ||
*ḳ̊: ḳ ~ ḳ́ | |||
*x̊: x ~ x́ | |||
*h̊: h ~ j | |||
*q̊: q ~ ǵ | |||
*ŋ̊: ŋ ~ ň | |||
====Voice assimilation==== | |||
When a prefix beginning in an obstruent attaches to a word ending in an obstruent, the initial consonant of the prefix assimilates to the final consonant of the root in voicing. If their places of articulation are close enough, there may be complete assimilation. Similarly, a final obstruent in a prefix assimilates to a following obstruent. A similar process takes place with the first component of compound words, but this is not indicated in writing. | When a prefix beginning in an obstruent attaches to a word ending in an obstruent, the initial consonant of the prefix assimilates to the final consonant of the root in voicing. If their places of articulation are close enough, there may be complete assimilation. Similarly, a final obstruent in a prefix assimilates to a following obstruent. A similar process takes place with the first component of compound words, but this is not indicated in writing. | ||
====Vowel merging==== | |||
When vowels meet at morpheme boundaries, the following changes take place: | |||
*ə + ə > a | |||
*Any other vowel + ə; ə + any other vowel > ə is dropped | |||
====Vowel epenthesis==== | |||
When an illegal consonant cluster would occur at a morpheme boundary, an epenthetic high vowel is inserted. This vowel harmonizes with the preceding vowel, or the following vowel if there is no preceding vowel. | |||
===Historical phonology=== | ===Historical phonology=== | ||
====PIE to Early Proto-Celabrian (PC)==== | ====PIE to Early Proto-Celabrian (PC)==== | ||