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Tigol/Proto-Tigol: Difference between revisions
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=====Supplementary voices===== | =====Supplementary voices===== | ||
======Causative====== | ======Causative====== | ||
The causative expresses causation or facilitation of the action. It is indicated by the suffix ''-st-'' after the | The causative expresses causation or facilitation of the action. It is indicated by the suffix ''-st-'' after the singular imperative. | ||
======Applicative====== | ======Applicative====== | ||
The applicative suffix, placed after the | The applicative suffix, placed after the singular imperative, is ''-t(e)n-''. The applicative promotes an oblique object of a verb to the direct object position (for example, ''thrāpâi'' 'fight (a battle)' > ''lōthrāpâi'' 'fight (someone)'), and downgrades the core object argument to an oblique argument. An optional applicative prefix may be used to qualify the relationship of the new object to the base verb. In the passive, the applicative finds much syntactic utility in constructing impersonal statements about an oblique object. | ||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 200px; text-align: center;" | {| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 200px; text-align: center;" | ||
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Shown below are the unipersonal and combining suffixes of the three conjugation paradigms: the first conjugation, with null thematic vowel, the second conjugation, with thematic vowel ''a'', and the third conjugation, with thematic vowel ''e''. (The citation form is the 1st person jussive). The first conjugation subsumes: | Shown below are the unipersonal and combining suffixes of the three conjugation paradigms: the first conjugation, with null thematic vowel, the second conjugation, with thematic vowel ''a'', and the third conjugation, with thematic vowel ''e''. (The citation form is the 1st person jussive). The first conjugation subsumes: | ||
*''ı''-stem verbs, whose ''ı-'' stays as ''ı-'' before a vowel-onset ending (except plain ''-e''), and assumes the form ''i'' otherwise; | *''ı''-stem verbs, whose ''ı-'' stays as ''ı-'' before a vowel-onset ending (except plain ''-e''), and assumes the form ''i'' otherwise; | ||
*''ħ''-stem verbs, where the ''ħ'' assimilates into any consonant that begins an ending, and becomes ''-â'' in the 2nd person | *''ħ''-stem verbs, where the ''ħ'' assimilates into any consonant that begins an ending, and becomes ''-â'' in the 2nd person singular imperative; | ||
*''h''-stem verbs, for which only fricative-beginning endings are so geminated, and for other consonants, undergoes compensatory lengthening of the vowel preceding the ending, and ends in a bare long vowel with a falling tone in the 2sg.m imperative. | *''h''-stem verbs, for which only fricative-beginning endings are so geminated, and for other consonants, undergoes compensatory lengthening of the vowel preceding the ending, and ends in a bare long vowel with a falling tone in the 2sg.m imperative. | ||