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Vadi: Difference between revisions
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Vadi mutations fall into four major classes, and a fifth minor class: | Vadi mutations fall into four major classes, and a fifth minor class: | ||
#Fortition | #Fortition | ||
# | #Lenition | ||
Fortition is realized when fricatives turn into stops, stops become geminated and/or voiced if unvoiced. For example, the combination of the past tense marker plus the genitive triggers voiced fortition and syncope with ''kilay'' "heart, interior" in the phrase (Tashunka's transcription) ''Junyé:ne glai haglev man ukanyen'' "I will enter your house and ruin you", i.e. ''junyé:ne glái << jula-<u>nai</u>-<u>na</u> kilay''. If the future marker ''-nai-'' did not appear, fortition would not be triggered. Instead, the result will be ''Julana <u>ki</u>lai haglev man ukanyen'' "I am entering your house to ruin you." | {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" | ||
|+ '''Mutation Table''' | |||
|- | |||
! || || Unvoiced-to-Voiced || Palatal || Velar || Uvular || Glottal | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2"| Fortition | |||
! Voiced | |||
| p -> b | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! Unvoiced | |||
| p b | |||
| t d ð* | |||
| | |||
| k g | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" | Lenition | |||
! Voiced | |||
| s s̺* | |||
| ʒ* | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|h | |||
|- | |||
! Unvoiced | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|d͡ʒ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! Approximants | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| j | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! Flap | |||
| | |||
| ɾ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
Fortition is realized when fricatives turn into stops, | |||
stops become geminated and/or voiced if unvoiced. | |||
For example, the combination of the past tense marker plus the genitive triggers voiced fortition and syncope with ''kilay'' "heart, interior" in the phrase (Tashunka's transcription) ''Junyé:ne glai haglev man ukanyen'' "I will enter your house and ruin you", i.e. ''junyé:ne glái << jula-<u>nai</u>-<u>na</u> kilay''. If the future marker ''-nai-'' did not appear, fortition would not be triggered. Instead, the result will be ''Julana <u>ki</u>lai haglev man ukanyen'' "I am entering your house to ruin you." | |||
Gemination[[Vadi#Footnotes |<sup>2</sup>]] occurs among a restricted set of consonants, particularly /k/, /n/, /l/ and /t/. Consonantal mutations occur, with evidence of both lenition and fortition. Metathesis also occurs with certain consonantal combinations, traceable to Minhast influence. | Gemination[[Vadi#Footnotes |<sup>2</sup>]] occurs among a restricted set of consonants, particularly /k/, /n/, /l/ and /t/. Consonantal mutations occur, with evidence of both lenition and fortition. Metathesis also occurs with certain consonantal combinations, traceable to Minhast influence. | ||