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Sceptrian: Difference between revisions
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The suffixes are also used with alienable possessive forms to separate the possessor from indirect objects. Chosen depending on the ergativity of the possessum: ''Jóvakuhoi suu pof swi'''ma''' swi.'' (He gave her feather to him.) | The suffixes are also used with alienable possessive forms to separate the possessor from indirect objects. Chosen depending on the ergativity of the possessum: ''Jóvakuhoi suu pof swi'''ma''' swi.'' (He gave her feather to him.) | ||
===Adpositions=== | |||
Adpositions are used with inflected nouns to add information about its location or relation to other nouns. Some Sceptrian adpositions can be used as stand-alone adverbs which may be conjugated according to noun declensions. | |||
====Prepositions==== | |||
Prepositions are used with lative (to, towards), locative (at, near) and ablative (from) cases to alter the meaning. | |||
*''voi'' (in) forms illative, inessive, elative | |||
*''loi'' (out) for "out of", "outside" and "from outside" | |||
*''soi'' (on) to emphasize the surface aspect | |||
*''oist(i)'' (under) for movement under something | |||
*''roi'' (above) similarly to ''oist'' | |||
*''boi'' (down) for "down (a surface / to)", "down in (somewhere)" and "from down"; as an adverb as well | |||
*''zoi'' (up) used like ''boi'' | |||
*''moi'' (touching, around) with lative for terminative, locative for pertingent and ablative for initiative | |||
*''oil(i)'' (as) forms translative, essive, exessive | |||
*''koi'' (per) distribution: "for each", "every" (temporal), "from each" | |||
*''jon'' (... between) | |||
*''poi'' (... the middle of, among) | |||
*''tsoi'' (... front of; preceding) | |||
**with time nouns in locative = before | |||
*''hoi'' (... behind; following) | |||
**with time nouns in locative = after | |||
*''mots(i)'' (... on side) | |||
**combined with postpositional ''dei'' (right) or ''lai'' (left) | |||
**with time nouns in locative = ago | |||
====Postpositions==== | |||
Postpositions appear with various cases and often come in groups. | |||
*''pón'' (through) with lative | |||
*''phó'' (along) with lative | |||
*''pló'' (opposite to, across) with locative | |||
*''sós'' (with) with comitative to express a greater degree of endowment (ornative); with ablative to indicate "without"; with lative for "in addition to" | |||
*''óp'' (about, concerning) with genitive; with ablative for "according to" | |||
*''ól'' (like) with genitive; as an adverb "similarly" | |||
*''jak'' (away, despite) with ablative; as an adverb as well | |||
*''mai'' (excluding) with ablative | |||
*''mak'' (except) with ablative | |||
*''mats'' (instead of) with ablative | |||
*''sai'' (including) with comitative | |||
*''sak'' (concerning, regarding) with comitative; with ablative to emphasize the causal aspect (due to, because of, thanks to) | |||
*''phe'' (for the sake of) with lative | |||
====Pronominal==== | |||
When used with pronouns, separate adpositions only come with dative forms to indicate lative. Otherwise adpositions take possessive suffixes, inalienable for locative and alienable for ablative: ''voi nai'' (into me), ''voinga'' (inside me), ''voiń'' (from inside me) | |||
Of the polite possessive suffixes, alienable is added onto the adposition and then the entire compound is conjugated for lative, locative or ablative: ''voitha'' (in You; attributive), ''voithaga'' (into You), ''voithakha'' (inside You; predicative), ''voithapa'' (from inside You) | |||
===Derivational Morphology=== | ===Derivational Morphology=== | ||
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* ''Vakuh ónzait pofos.'' (a hand lifts the feather)/(someone intentionally lifts the feather with their hand) Notice animate conjugation! | * ''Vakuh ónzait pofos.'' (a hand lifts the feather)/(someone intentionally lifts the feather with their hand) Notice animate conjugation! | ||
**''Tup onzait pofos dothpo.'' (a stick, which is being held by a man, lifts the feather) ABL as causative since inanimate ''tup''. | **''Tup onzait pofos dothpo.'' (a stick, which is being held by a man, lifts the feather) ABL as causative since inanimate ''tup''. | ||
===Numerals=== | ===Numerals=== | ||