Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
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| | Diphthongs are formed by following a vowel with ⟨ϊ⟩ or ⟨ου⟩ (for /i/ and /u/ respectively). |
| {| class="wikitable"
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| |+ Vowel letters in diphthongs
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| ! colspan="2" |Letter
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| ![[Help:IPA|IPA]] !! Examples !! Remarks
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| ! colspan="5" | In rising diphthongs
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| | '''i'''
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| | {{angbr|i}} before a vowel
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| | style="text-align:center;"|[j]
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| |-
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| |'''u'''
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| | {{angbr|u}} before a vowel (but silent in {{angbr|qu}} and {{angbr|gu}} before an {{angbr|e}} or {{angbr|i}})
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| | style="text-align:center;"|[w]
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| |-
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| |'''ü'''
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| | {{angbr|ü}} before a vowel (only used in {{angbr|qü}} and {{angbr|gü}} before an {{angbr|e}} or {{angbr|i}})
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| | style="text-align:center;"|[w]
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| ! colspan="5" | In falling diphthongs
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| |-
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| | '''i'''
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| | {{angbr|i}} after a vowel
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| | style="text-align:center;"|[j]
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| |-
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| | '''y'''
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| | {{angbr|y}} after a vowel
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| | style="text-align:center;"|[j]
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| | Almost always word-final. ''-iy'' is pronounced [i].
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| |-
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| |'''u'''
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| | {{angbr|u}} after a vowel
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| | style="text-align:center;"|[w]
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| |-
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| |'''w'''
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| | {{angbr|w}} after a vowel
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| | style="text-align:center;"|[w]
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| | Almost always word-final. ''-uw'' is pronounced [w].
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| |}
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| '''Note:'''
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| ''iu'' and ''ui'' are ambiguous, since they may either be used for rising diphthongs (/ju/ and /wi/ respectively) or falling diphthongs (/iw/ and /uj/ respectively). In most cases, they represent rising diphthongs unless followed by ''t''. ''iw'' and ''uy'' always represent falling diphthongs.
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| =====Stress===== | | =====Stress===== |
| Stress in a word can be determined from the way it is written via the following rules:
| | Primary stress is always indicated in multisyllabic words via an acute accent. |
| *If there is any vowel with an acute accent, that vowel is stressed.
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| *If there is no vowel with an acute accent:
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| **The penultimate vowel is stressed if the word ends in a vowel, vowel + ''-n'', or vowel + ''-s''.
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| **The ultimate vowel is stressed if the word ends in any consonant other than ''-n'' or ''-s''.
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| *Note that:
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| **Diphthongs are always treated as one syllable.
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| **''iV'' and ''uV'' (where ''V'' represents any vowel other than ''i'' or ''u'') are treated as diphthongs, and therefore count as one syllable.
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| ***The exception to this is if the ''i'' or ''u'' has an accent. However, this is rare since words that would have ''íV'' and ''úV'' are usually written as ''iyV'' and ''uwV''.
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| **Final ''-y'' and ''-w'' are treated as consonants, and they shift the stress to the final syllable.
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| ===Consonants=== | | ===Consonants=== |