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Zemljask: Difference between revisions
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Notes: | Notes: | ||
# [ŋ] is an allophone of [n] when it occurs next to a Velar consonant (one of [k], [g], [x]) | # [ŋ] is an allophone of [n] when it occurs next to a Velar consonant (one of [k], [g], [x]). | ||
# The consonants /p/, /t/, /k/ are usually aspirated [p<sup>h</sup>], [t<sup>h</sup>], [k<sup>h</sup>]. | # The consonants /p/, /t/, /k/ are usually aspirated [p<sup>h</sup>], [t<sup>h</sup>], [k<sup>h</sup>]. | ||
# The pronunciation of the palatal consonants /t͡ɕ/ and /d͡ʑ/ varies by region. The Northern pronunciation is [t͡ɕ], [d͡ʑ], matching the Standard language as set out by the ''Mladźe Zemljska Reći'' while in the Central to Intermediate Southern regions, the typical pronunciation is [t͡ʃ], [d͡ʒ], and in the ''Dalmacask'' and ''Tragešćask'' dialects it typically is [t͡s], [d͡s]. The Southern feature is shared with some dialects of Polish. | # The pronunciation of the palatal consonants /t͡ɕ/ and /d͡ʑ/ varies by region. The Northern pronunciation is [t͡ɕ], [d͡ʑ], matching the Standard language as set out by the ''Mladźe Zemljska Reći'' while in the Central to Intermediate Southern regions, the typical pronunciation is [t͡ʃ], [d͡ʒ], and in the ''Dalmacask'' and ''Tragešćask'' dialects it typically is [t͡s], [d͡s]. The Southern feature is shared with some dialects of Polish. | ||
# [f] is a very rare sound in Zemljask and appears primarily in words loaned from other languages and when next to voiceless consonants. Some speakers in informal settings may merge this sound with [v]. | |||
# [f] is a very rare sound in Zemljask and appears primarily in words loaned from other languages. Some speakers in informal settings may merge this sound with [v]. | |||
# The sounds [v] and [l], in coda position, lenite to the approximant [ʋ]. | # The sounds [v] and [l], in coda position, lenite to the approximant [ʋ]. | ||
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! Back | ! Back | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! [[w:Mid vowel|High]] | ||
| [[w:IPA link|i]] | |||
| | |||
| [[w:IPA link|u]] | |||
|- | |- | ||
! [[w:Mid vowel|Mid]] | ! [[w:Mid vowel|Mid]] | ||
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| [[w:IPA link|o]] | | [[w:IPA link|o]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
! [[w:IPA_link|Mid- | ! [[w:IPA_link|Mid-Low]] | ||
| [[w:IPA link|ɛ]]<sup>2</sup> | | [[w:IPA link|ɛ]]<sup>2</sup> | ||
| | | | ||
| [[w:IPA link|ɔ]]<sup>2</sup> | | [[w:IPA link|ɔ]]<sup>2</sup> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! [[w:Open vowel| | ! [[w:Open vowel|Low]] | ||
| | | | ||
| [[w:Open_front_unrounded_vowel|a]] | | [[w:Open_front_unrounded_vowel|a]] | ||
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In most Illyrian loans, and a few native Zemljask words, the stress falls on the penultimate syllable. If this word had come from Proto-Slavic, it would likely be pronounced with initial stress: [ˈfa.ne.la] | In most Illyrian loans, and a few native Zemljask words, the stress falls on the penultimate syllable. If this word had come from Proto-Slavic, it would likely be pronounced with initial stress: [ˈfa.ne.la] | ||
* '''Gavati''' [ga.ˈva.ti] | * '''Gavati''' [ga.ˈva.ti] | ||
For verbs, the stress on the infinitive is penultimate, while the primary stress when conjugated falls upon the root-final syllable. | * '''Viditi''' [ˈvi.di.ti] | ||
For verbs, the stress on the infinitive is penultimate, while the primary stress when conjugated falls upon the root-final syllable. However, in verbs whose infinitives are -iti, the stress is always on the root-final syllable. | |||
| | |||
* '''Gavljo, Gavaš''' [ˈgaʋ.ʎo], [ˈga.vaʃ] | * '''Gavljo, Gavaš''' [ˈgaʋ.ʎo], [ˈga.vaʃ] | ||
However, the stress falls on the penultimate syllable for endings composed of multiple syllables: | However, the stress falls on the penultimate syllable for endings composed of multiple syllables: | ||
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==Morphophonology== | ==Morphophonology== | ||
There exists in Zemljask a rich morphophonology of numerous variation in stems that take place under a variety of conditions: | There exists in Zemljask a rich morphophonology of numerous variation in stems that take place under a variety of conditions: | ||
# Consonants are split into hard and soft, based on their phonetic value and may alternate between these forms under certain conditions | # Consonants are split into hard and soft, based on their phonetic value and may alternate between these forms under certain conditions: | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;" | {| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;" | ||
! colspan="23" | Table of Alternations | ! colspan="23" | Table of Alternations | ||
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| Soft || mlj || nj || plj || blj || ć || dź || č || dž || flj || vlj || š || ž || š || ž || č || dž || ć || dź || š || rj/š || lj || j | | Soft || mlj || nj || plj || blj || ć || dź || č || dž || flj || vlj || š || ž || š || ž || č || dž || ć || dź || š || rj/š || lj || j | ||
|} | |} | ||
Hard consonants may become soft when followed with /j/, but a soft consonant may never become hard. | |||
#hhh | |||
==Syntax== | |||
hh | |||
==Grammar== | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
[[category:Slavic_languages]] | |||