Zemljask: Difference between revisions

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Notes:
Notes:
# [ŋ] is an allophone of [n] when it occurs next to a Velar consonant (one of [k], [g], [x]).
# [ŋ] is an allophone of [n] when it occurs next to a Velar consonant (one of [k], [g], [x]) E.g. '''Pečenka''' [peˈt͡ʃɛŋ.ka]
# The consonants /p/, /t/, /k/ are usually aspirated [p<sup>h</sup>], [t<sup>h</sup>], [k<sup>h</sup>].
# The consonants /p/, /t/, /k/ are usually aspirated [p<sup>h</sup>], [t<sup>h</sup>], [k<sup>h</sup>]. E.g. '''Peska''' [ˈp<sup>h</sup>es.k<sup>h</sup>a]
# The pronunciation of the palatal consonants /t͡ɕ/ and /d͡ʑ/ varies by region. The Northern pronunciation is [t͡ɕ], [d͡ʑ], matching the Standard language as set out by the ''Mladźe Zemljska Reći'' while in the Central to Intermediate Southern regions, the typical pronunciation is [t͡ʃ], [d͡ʒ], and in the ''Dalmacask'' and ''Tragešćask'' dialects it typically is [t͡s], [d͡s]. The Southern feature is shared with some dialects of Polish.
# The pronunciation of the palatal consonants /t͡ɕ/ and /d͡ʑ/ varies by region. The Northern pronunciation is [t͡ɕ], [d͡ʑ], matching the Standard language as set out by the ''Mladźe Zemljska Reći'' while in the Central to Intermediate Southern regions, the typical pronunciation is [t͡ʃ], [d͡ʒ], and in the ''Dalmacask'' and ''Tragešćask'' dialects it typically is [t͡s], [d͡s]. The Southern feature is shared with some dialects of Polish.
# [f] is a very rare sound in Zemljask and appears primarily in words loaned from other languages and when next to voiceless consonants. Some speakers in informal settings may merge this sound with [v].
'''Sveća'''
* [ˈsfe.t͡ɕa] ''Standard'' and ''Northern''
* [ˈsfe.t͡ʃa] ''Central''
* [ˈsfe.t͡sa] ''Southern''
# [f] is a very rare sound in Zemljask and appears primarily in words loaned from other languages. Some speakers in informal settings may merge this sound with [v].
# The sounds [v] and [l], in coda position, lenite to the approximant [ʋ].
# The sounds [v] and [l], in coda position, lenite to the approximant [ʋ].


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! Back
! Back
|-
|-
! [[w:Mid vowel|High]]
! [[w:Mid vowel|Closed]]
| [[w:IPA link|i]]
| [[w:IPA link|i]]
|
|  
| [[w:IPA link|u]]
| [[w:IPA link|u]]
|-
|-
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| [[w:IPA link|o]]
| [[w:IPA link|o]]
|-
|-
! [[w:IPA_link|Mid-Low]]
! [[w:IPA_link|Mid-Open]]
| [[w:IPA link|ɛ]]<sup>2</sup>
| [[w:IPA link|ɛ]]<sup>2</sup>
|
| [[w:IPA_Link|-]]
| [[w:IPA link|ɔ]]<sup>2</sup>
| [[w:IPA link|ɔ]]<sup>2</sup>
|-
|-
! [[w:Open vowel|Low]]
! [[w:Open vowel|Open]]
|
|
| [[w:Open_front_unrounded_vowel|a]]
| [[w:Open_front_unrounded_vowel|a]]
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In most Illyrian loans, and a few native Zemljask words, the stress falls on the penultimate syllable. If this word had come from Proto-Slavic, it would likely be pronounced with initial stress: [ˈfa.ne.la]
In most Illyrian loans, and a few native Zemljask words, the stress falls on the penultimate syllable. If this word had come from Proto-Slavic, it would likely be pronounced with initial stress: [ˈfa.ne.la]
* '''Gavati''' [ga.ˈva.ti]
* '''Gavati''' [ga.ˈva.ti]
* '''Viditi''' [ˈvi.di.ti]
For verbs, the stress on the infinitive is penultimate, while the primary stress when conjugated falls upon the root-final syllable.
For verbs, the stress on the infinitive is penultimate, while the primary stress when conjugated falls upon the root-final syllable. However, in verbs whose infinitives are -iti, the stress is always on the root-final syllable.
|
* '''Gavljo, Gavaš''' [ˈgaʋ.ʎo], [ˈga.vaʃ]
* '''Gavljo, Gavaš''' [ˈgaʋ.ʎo], [ˈga.vaʃ]
However, the stress falls on the penultimate syllable for endings composed of multiple syllables:
However, the stress falls on the penultimate syllable for endings composed of multiple syllables:
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==Morphophonology==
==Morphophonology==
There exists in Zemljask a rich morphophonology of numerous variation in stems that take place under a variety of conditions:
There exists in Zemljask a rich morphophonology of numerous variation in stems that take place under a variety of conditions:
# Consonants are split into hard and soft, based on their phonetic value and may alternate between these forms under certain conditions:
# Consonants are split into hard and soft, based on their phonetic value and may alternate between these forms under certain conditions (typically Hard to Soft):
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;"
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;"
! colspan="23" | Table of Alternations
! colspan="23" | Table of Alternations
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| Soft || mlj || nj || plj || blj || ć || dź || č || dž || flj || vlj || š || ž || š || ž || č || dž || ć || dź || š || rj/š || lj || j
| Soft || mlj || nj || plj || blj || ć || dź || č || dž || flj || vlj || š || ž || š || ž || č || dž || ć || dź || š || rj/š || lj || j
|}
|}
Hard consonants may become soft when followed with /j/, but a soft consonant may never become hard.
 
#hhh
 
==Syntax==
hh
==Grammar==
==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}
[[category:Slavic_languages]]
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