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Maltcégj: Difference between revisions
→Pronouns
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| 3pl || ''parþ'' || they || general || ''pyldj'' || ''píkci'' | | 3pl || ''parþ'' || they || general || ''pyldj'' || ''píkci'' | ||
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Some of the most basic elements of language, pronouns will take the place of the subject in most sentences. Maltcégj pronoun structure does not differentiate much from that of English with the exception of a formal and informal second person, and the formal is very infrequently used, but there are “optional” pronouns which may offer more clarity. Just remember to use ''mélminei'' you’re speaking to someone with whom you would use a title in English (e.g. faculty members, judges, business associates, &c). Otherwise, the pronouns above through ''parþ'' will get you through most situations. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Person !! !! !! Notes !! Reflexive !! Reciprocal | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 2pl || ''akmélem'' || you (all) || || ''madj'' || ''mládji'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 2pl || ''akmélminei'' || you (all) || formal || ''madj'' || ''mládji'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 3pl || ''akpél'' || they || feminine (=parth) || ''pyldj'' || ''píkci'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 3pl || ''akpúl'' || they || masculine (=parth) || ''pyldj'' || ''píkci'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 3pl || ''akpáj'' || they || inanimate (=parth) || ''pyldj'' || ''píkci'' | ||
|- | |||
| 3pl || ''akpʌ́'' || they || (=parth, incorrect) || ''pyldj'' || ''píkci'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
If you want to be more specific, however, you can use the plural particle ''ak'' with the singular pronouns (with the exception of ''jǫg'') to make them plural. You can optionally add ''ak'' to ''mélem'' and ''mélminei'' to further explain that you are referring to more than one person. You can also use ''ak'' with the third person pronouns if you explicitly want to annotate gender. Note, however, that saying ''akpʌ́'' is technically incorrect: This should more accurately be ''parþ'', but ''akpʌ́'' is common in speech, just as saying ''they'' in English is common to refer to a singular person whose gender is unknown or unclear (as in “Someone left their notebook here.”) | If you want to be more specific, however, you can use the plural particle ''ak'' with the singular pronouns (with the exception of ''jǫg'') to make them plural. You can optionally add ''ak'' to ''mélem'' and ''mélminei'' to further explain that you are referring to more than one person. You can also use ''ak'' with the third person pronouns if you explicitly want to annotate gender. Note, however, that saying ''akpʌ́'' is technically incorrect: This should more accurately be ''parþ'', but ''akpʌ́'' is common in speech, just as saying ''they'' in English is common to refer to a singular person whose gender is unknown or unclear (as in “Someone left their notebook here.”) | ||
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In case you are unfamiliar with the idea of inclusive and exclusive we, only use ''jǫ́lmin'' when the person you are addressing is part of the “we” in question, i.e. if you can replace it with “you and I”, or “you and the rest of us”; otherwise, always use ''jalk''. | In case you are unfamiliar with the idea of inclusive and exclusive we, only use ''jǫ́lmin'' when the person you are addressing is part of the “we” in question, i.e. if you can replace it with “you and I”, or “you and the rest of us”; otherwise, always use ''jalk''. | ||
In fact, pronouns in Maltcégj are even a little simpler than those in English, because there are no cases to decline. Possessives (my, your, his, our, &c.) are formed by adding the preposition ''u'' | In fact, pronouns in Maltcégj are even a little simpler than those in English, because there are no cases to decline. Possessives (''my'', ''your'', ''his'', ''our'', &c.) are formed by adding the preposition ''u-'' to the word being possessed, and the accusative case (''me'', ''him'', ''her'', ''them'', &c.) by adding the postposition ''-a'' to the pronoun. | ||