Af Mexee: Difference between revisions

*Impersonal passive (with ''la'') is used as the regular passive as well as pseudo-passive.

*Subjunctive forms can be used adjectivally. In this usage, plural marking is optional (hence why adjectives need not be marked for plurality).

=====Simple Present=====

*Used similarly to English simple present and past perfect continuous. Generally refers to a habitual action for dynamic verbs, or an ongoing action for stative verbs.

**Negative: (''an'') + "Past Negative" - e.g. ''nin an taghín'' "a man who does not go"

*Used for a simple action in the past.

*Indicative:

*Subjunctive:

**Affirmative: "Past Affirmative" with final high tone - e.g. ''nin taghí'' "a man who went"

*Affirmative:

**First and second person: Clitic subject + "Present Subjunctive" with penultimate high tone - e.g. ''an tágno'' "let us go"

*Negative:

**''yáa'' + "2S Imperative Negative" - e.g. ''yóosan tághin'' "let him not go"

*Only occurs in the second person.

*Affirmative: "Imperative Affirmative" - e.g. ''tág'' "go!"

*Negative: ''há'' + "Imperative Negative" - e.g. ''há tághin'' "do not go!"

*Used for an action/state assumed to be true or that is a possibility. It may be used for the past, present, or future.

*Affirmative:

**Present: ''-aashi'' (only for dynamic verbs) - e.g. ''us tághaashe'' "he must/may be going"

**Stative verbs have distinct past and present forms - e.g ''us arke'' "he must/may see", ''us arkaaye'' "he must/may have seen"

*Used for an ongoing action. Can also be used for near future.

*Used for an ongoing action in the past.

*Used for action in the near future.

*Formed from: Infinitive + Present tense of ''rapi'' "to want" - e.g. ''us tághi rapa'' "he is about to go", ''máwsan tághi rapó'' "he is not about to go"

*Past equivalent of the above.

*Formed from: Infinitive + Past tense of ''rapi'' "to want" - e.g. ''us tághi rapi'' "he was going to go", ''máwsan tághi rapín'' "he was not going to go"

*Used for action in the future that is more distant or less certain. For example, something in the distant future or that you will eventually do but are procrastinating.

*Formed from: Infinitive + Present tense of ''dooni'' "to seek" - e.g. ''us tághi doona'' "he will go (eventually)", ''máwsan tághi doonó'' "he will not go"

*Past equivalent of the above.

*Formed from: Infinitive + Past tense of ''dooni'' "to seek" - e.g. ''us tághi dooni'' "he was going to go", ''máwsan tághi doonín'' "he was not going to go"

*Formed from: Infinitive + Past tense of ''leh'' "having/owning" - e.g. ''us tághi lahaay'' "he would go", ''máwsan tághi lahaáyn'' "he would not go"

*Used for habitual actions in the present. For dynamic verbs this is similar in meaning to the simple present, but places emphasis on the repeated nature of the action.

*Formed from: Infinitive + Present tense of ''jiri'' "to exist" - e.g. ''us tághi jira'' "he goes regularly", ''máwsan tághi jiró'' "he does not go regularly"

*Used for habitual actions in the past. In the subjunctive, it can also mean a single action in the distant past.

*Formed from: Infinitive + Past tense of ''jiri'' "to exist" - e.g. ''us tághi jiri'' "he used to go", ''máwsan tághi jirín'' "he did not used to go", ''goórtíi us tághi jirí'' "back when he used to go" or "back when he went"

*''kari'' "to be able" (present, past) → "to be able to" - e.g. ''us tághi kara'' "he can go"

*''waayi'' "to not find" (present, past) → "to fail to" - e.g. ''us tághi waayi'' "he failed to go"