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→‎Focus Particles

Shariifka

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 ====Focus Particles====
-Focus particles are used with main clause verbs. They are ''wáa'', ''waxa'', ''aa'', and their interrogative equivalents (more may be added later).
+Focus particles are used with main clause verbs. They are ''wáa'', ''wixi'', ''yáa'', ''áa'' and their interrogative equivalents (more may be added later).
-*''wáa'' optionally precedes a main affirmative verb. It is used to indicate that the verb is NOT being used adjectivally and puts emphasis on the verb.
+*''wáa'' optionally precedes a main affirmative verb. It puts emphasis on the verb.
-:e.g. ''ninki bixi'' "the man left" OR "the man who left"; ''ninki <b>wáa</b> bixi'' "the man left" or "the man ''left''"
+:e.g. ''ninki bixi'' "the man left"; ''ninki <b>wáa</b> bixi'' "the man ''left''"
 :*The interrogative equivalent of ''wáa'' is ''máa''.
 ::e.g. ''ninki <b>máa</b> bixi?'' "did the man leave?"
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 ::*''wixi'' + ''isin'' → ''wixisin''
 ::*''wixi'' + ''isho'' → ''wixisho''
-*''aa'' put emphasis on a noun (either subject or object). It follows the noun being emphasized.
+*''yáa'' (not to be confused with the homonymous negative particle) put emphasis on a noun (either subject or object). It follows the noun being emphasized. Unlike the negative particle ''yáa'', the following verb is in the indicative.
-:e.g. ''ninki <b>aa</b> qalinki qaathi''/''qalinki ninki <b>aa</b> qaathi'' "''the man'' took the pen" (or "the pen took ''the man''")
+:e.g. ''ninki <b>yáa</b> qálinki qaathi''/''qalinki ninki <b>yáa</b> qaathi'' "''the man'' took the pen"
-:*The interrogative equivalent of ''aa'' is ''ma'' - ''aa'' (i.e. ''aa'' is kept and the noun is preceded by ''ma'').
+:*The interrogative equivalent of ''yáa'' is ''má'' - ''yáa'' (i.e. ''yáa'' is kept and the noun is preceded by ''ma'').
-::e.g. ''<b>ma</b> ninki <b>aa</b> qalinki qaathi?'' "did ''the man'' take the pen?" (or "did the pen take ''the man''?)
+::e.g. ''<b>ma</b> ninki <b>yáa</b> qálinki qaathi?'' "did ''the man'' take the pen?" (or "did the pen take ''the man''?)
-:*''aa'' can combine to clitic subjects in the same way as ''waa''.
+:*''yáa'' can combine to clitic subjects in the same way as ''waa''.
-*''wixi'' can be combined with ''aa'' to form ''waxaa'', which is used when the subject follows the verb (allowing for OVS word order). It places emphasis on the subject.
+*''áa'' puts emphasis on a noun (more so than ''yáa''). It also follows the noun but puts the following verb into the subjunctive. The noun also remains in the absolutive case even if it is the subject. ''áa'' can again combine to clitic subjects like ''wáa''.
-:e.g. ''qalinki <b>waxaa</b> qaathi ninki'' "''the man'' took the pen" (literally: what took the pen (was) the man")
+:e.g. ''nínki <b>áa</b> qálinki qaathí''/''qálinki nínki <b>áa</b> qaathí'' "it was ''the man'' who took the pen"
-:*The interrogative equivalent of ''waxaa'' is ''maxaa''.
+:*The interrogarive equivalent of ''áa'' is ''má'' - ''áa''.
-::e.g. ''qalinki <b>maxaa</b> qaathi ninki?'' "did ''the man'' take the pen?"
+::e.g. ''<b>má</b> nínki <b>áa</b> qálinki qaathí?'' "was it ''the man'' who took the pen?"
+*''wixi'' can be combined with ''áa'' to form ''waxáa'', which is used when the subject follows the verb (allowing for OVS word order). It places emphasis on the subject.
+:e.g. ''qálinki <b>waxaa</b> qaathí nínki'' "it was ''the man'' took the pen" (literally: "what took the pen (was) the man")
+:*The interrogative equivalent of ''waxáa'' is ''maxáa''.
+::e.g. ''qálinki <b>maxáa</b> qaathí nínki?'' "was it ''the man'' who took the pen?"
+*To make a sentence without a focus particle interrogative, the particle ''má'' (not to be confused with the homonymous negative particle) is placed before the verb in the indicative.
+:e.g. ''ninki <b>má</b> taghi?'' "did the man go?"
+:*For a negative interrogative, the regular negative form of the verb is preceded by the particle ''shoẃ''.
+::e.g. ''ninki <b>shoẃ</b> má taghín?'' "didn't the man go?"
 ===Adjectives===